Phytoplankton responses to typhoons are pivotal for understanding the impact of climate change on marine biodiversity and productivity, yet current literature, focusing on typhoon-induced biomass increases from nutrient dynamics, might overlook the complexity of plume-upwelling interactions during such events. This study, therefore, examines the sequential impact of Typhoons Bailu and Podul on phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the northern South China Sea, a region where the interplay of riverine discharges and oceanic upwelling shapes the ecological landscape. Employing a combination of in-situ hydrographic measurements, pigment analysis, and satellite data, we tracked the pre- and post-typhoon phytoplankton dynamics, capturing a detailed picture of their response to the rapid hydrodynamic changes induced by these meteorological disturbances. Prior to Typhoon Bailu, a synergetic interaction between the Pearl River plume and coastal upwelling resulted in a diatom-rich phytoplankton assemblage. The passage of Typhoon Bailu followed by Typhoon Podul uncoupled this synergy, leading to phosphate scarcity and a notable decline in overall phytoplankton biomass. This decoupling favored the proliferation of smaller phytoplankton such as Synechococcus and haptophytes_T8, indicating a shift towards a community adapted to phosphate-poor environments. The distinct phytoplankton response patterns observed in this study not only challenge existing paradigms about typhoon impacts on marine productivity but also highlight the complex and potentially transformative effects of typhoon-induced hydrodynamic alterations, although whether the pattern of biomass reduction is generalizable to all similar typhoon events remains uncertain. These insights are essential for modeling the ecological ramifications of such disturbances, which is becoming increasingly important as the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events continue to rise.

中文翻译：

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台风白鹿和波杜尔诱发的亚热带羽流上升流系统中的浮游植物生物量减少


浮游植物对台风的反应对于理解气候变化对海洋生物多样性和生产力的影响至关重要，但目前的文献侧重于台风引起的营养动力学生物量增加，可能忽视了此类事件期间羽流上升相互作用的复杂性。因此，本研究考察了台风白鹿和波杜尔对南海北部浮游植物生物量和群落结构的连续影响，该地区河流排放和海洋上升流的相互作用塑造了生态景观。结合原位水文测量、色素分析和卫星数据，我们跟踪了台风前后浮游植物的动态，捕捉了它们对这些气象扰动引起的快速水动力变化的响应的详细图片。在台风白鹿之前，珠江羽流和沿海上升流之间的协同作用导致了富含硅藻的浮游植物组合。台风白鹿和台风波杜尔随后经过，消除了这种协同作用，导致磷酸盐稀缺和浮游植物整体生物量显着下降。这种脱钩有利于较小的浮游植物（如 Synechococcus 和 haptophytes_T8）的增殖，表明向适应磷酸盐贫乏环境的群落转变。本研究中观察到的不同浮游植物响应模式不仅挑战了关于台风影响海洋生产力的现有范式，还强调了台风引起的水动力变化的复杂且潜在的变革性影响，尽管生物量减少的模式是否可以推广到所有类似的台风事件仍不确定。 这些见解对于模拟此类干扰的生态影响至关重要，随着极端天气事件的频率和强度不断上升，这种影响变得越来越重要。