The advancement of agricultural mechanization has led to soil compaction and an increased thickness of the plow layer in the North China Plain. By contrast, subsoiling tillage can disrupt the plow layer, enhance the cultivation environment of the soil, and promote crop growth. Nevertheless, such changes in tillage methods often disrupt conventional irrigation systems, highlighting the need to explore alternative approaches. This study employed microsprinkler irrigation, a prevalent irrigation method in crop production, to evaluate how different irrigation regimes affect crop growth in subsoiled fields. Three irrigation lower limits are established in subsoil plots: 70 %FC (MS-H), 60 %FC (MS-M), and 50 %FC (MS-L). For comparison, the study included a 70 %FC surface irrigation treatment with subsoiling (ST) and a 70 %FC surface irrigation treatment without subsoiling (RT). Results indicated that subsoiling border irrigation (ST) increased topsoil moisture and water uptake in the 0–60-cm soil layer. This enhanced water availability led to greater overall water consumption during grain filling, a delayed post-anthesis biomass accumulation, and an extended grain-filling stage, ultimately contributing to increased grain yield. The MS-L treatment increased the utilization of deep soil water owing to lower topsoil water content. However, this limited biomass accumulation leads to early termination of post-anthesis biomass accumulation, a drop in the rate of grain filling, a reduction in the length of grain filling, and a decrease in grain weight. The MS-M treatment, which mainly absorbs water from the 0–30-cm soil layer, considerably increased deep soil water consumption and the duration of post-anthesis biomass accumulation, resulting in a 4.5-day extension of the grain-filling stage and a notable increase in grain weight. While MS-H maintained adequate topsoil moisture, its deep soil water consumption was lower than that of MS-M, resulting in shorter biomass accumulation and grain-filling duration, though still longer than ST, as well as a grain weight not notably different from that of MS-M. Comprehensive TOPSIS analysis identified MS-M as the optimal irrigation regime. Consequently, establishing a 60 % field capacity irrigation threshold for microsprinkler regimes in subsoiled wheat fields effectively promotes deep soil water absorption, boosts biomass accumulation following anthesis, and enhances grain filling, ultimately improving winter wheat yields.

中文翻译：

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深松和微喷灌下冬小麦花后水分利用和生物量积累


农业机械化的进步导致华北平原的土壤压实和犁层厚度增加。相比之下，深松耕作可以破坏犁层，改善土壤的耕作环境，并促进作物生长。然而，耕作方法的这种变化往往会破坏传统的灌溉系统，这凸显了探索替代方法的必要性。本研究采用微喷灌（作物生产中一种流行的灌溉方法）来评估不同的灌溉制度如何影响深松田的作物生长。在底土样地中建立了三个灌溉下限：70 %FC （MS-H）、60 %FC （MS-M） 和 50 %FC （MS-L）。作为比较，该研究包括带深松 （ST） 的 70 %FC 表面灌溉处理和无深松 （RT） 的 70 %FC 表面灌溉处理。结果表明，深松边界灌溉 （ST） 增加了 0–60 cm 土层的表层土壤水分和水分吸收。这种水可用性的增加导致谷物灌浆过程中的总耗水量增加，花后生物量积累延迟，谷物灌浆阶段延长，最终有助于提高谷物产量。由于表层土壤含水量较低，MS-L 处理提高了深层土壤水分的利用率。然而，这种有限的生物量积累导致花后生物量积累的提前终止，籽粒灌浆速率下降，籽粒灌浆长度缩短，籽粒重量减少。MS-M 处理主要从 0–30 cm 土层吸收水分，大大增加了深层土壤的耗水量和花后生物量积累的持续时间，导致 4.籽粒灌浆期延长 5 天，籽粒重量显著增加。在MS-H保持了足够的表层土壤水分的同时，其深层土壤耗水量低于MS-M，导致生物量积累和籽粒灌浆时间较短，但仍长于ST表层土壤水分，粒重与MS-M无显著差异。综合 TOPSIS 分析确定 MS-M 是最佳灌溉方案。因此，在深松麦田中为微喷灌机制建立 60% 的田间容量灌溉阈值可有效促进深层土壤水分吸收，促进开花后生物量积累，并增强谷物灌浆，最终提高冬小麦产量。