Seaweeds are a natural marine resource containing many bioactive compounds such as amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, phytohormones, and antimicrobial compounds. Since ancient times, seaweeds have been used in various sectors, including medicine, food, and the cosmetic industry. Currently, seaweeds are a promising alternative to reduce the application of harmful chemicals in agriculture. Seaweed and its derived products have been utilized for plant growth promotion, immunity enhancement, and the reduction of biotic and abiotic stresses. In the current global scenario, synthetic fertilizers and chemical pesticides are commonly used to increase agricultural crop production to meet the growing demands of the world population. However, these chemicals pose significant threats to the health of people, livestock, plants, soil, and the entire environment. In contrast, seaweed-based products are emerging as a newer option for stress mitigation and reduction, offering an alternative to synthetic chemicals. This article explains the use of seaweed extracts to increase the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. We also address the functions of various bioactive compounds present in seaweed extracts and the mechanisms by which they promote plant growth and induce defense against different stresses.

中文翻译：

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海藻提取物：增强植物对生物和非生物胁迫的适应力


海藻是一种天然海洋资源，含有许多生物活性化合物，如氨基酸、脂质、碳水化合物、蛋白质、植物激素和抗菌化合物。自古以来，海藻就被用于各个领域，包括医药、食品和化妆品行业。目前，海藻是减少农业中有害化学物质应用的有前途的替代品。海藻及其衍生产品已被用于促进植物生长、增强免疫力以及减少生物和非生物胁迫。在当前的全球形势下，合成肥料和化学杀虫剂通常用于增加农作物产量，以满足世界人口不断增长的需求。然而，这些化学品对人类、牲畜、植物、土壤和整个环境的健康构成重大威胁。相比之下，基于海藻的产品正在成为缓解和减少压力的新选择，提供了合成化学品的替代品。本文解释了使用海藻提取物来提高植物对生物和非生物胁迫的耐受性。我们还讨论了海藻提取物中存在的各种生物活性化合物的功能以及它们促进植物生长和诱导对不同胁迫的防御机制。