Understanding Kazakhstan’s plague history is crucial for early warning and effective health disaster management. We used descriptive-analytical methods to analyze spatial data for human cases in natural plague foci in Kazakhstan during 1926–2003. The findings revealed 565 human cases across 82 outbreaks in Almaty (32.22%), Aktobe (1.59%), Atyrau (4.42%), Mangystau (21.24%), and Kyzylorda (40.53%) oblasts. Before antibiotic drugs were introduced in 1947–1948, major plague outbreaks occurred in 1926, 1929, 1945, 1947, and 1948, constituting 80.7% of human transmission. Plague spread through flea bites, camel handling, wild animal contact, aerosol transmissions, and rodent bites. Patients were up to 86 years of age; 49.9% were male and 50.1% female. Pulmonary cases were reported most frequently (72.4%), and person-to-person infection occurred at an incidence rate of 0.29 cases/10,000 population. Risk increased with human expansion into natural plague foci areas. Swift diagnosis and treatment are essential for curbing plague outbreaks in Kazakhstan.

了解哈萨克斯坦的鼠疫历史对于早期预警和有效的卫生灾害管理至关重要。我们使用描述性分析方法分析了 1926-2003 年哈萨克斯坦自然鼠疫疫源地人类病例的空间数据。研究结果显示，阿拉木图 （32.22%）、阿克托别 （1.59%）、阿特劳 （4.42%）、曼吉斯套 （21.24%） 和克孜勒奥尔达 （40.53%） 州的 82 次疫情中有 565 例人类病例。在 1947-1948 年引入抗生素药物之前，1926 年、1929 年、1945 年、1947 年和 1948 年发生了重大鼠疫暴发，占人类传播的 80.7%。鼠疫通过跳蚤叮咬、骆驼处理、野生动物接触、气溶胶传播和啮齿动物叮咬传播。患者年龄最大为 86 岁;49.9% 为男性，50.1% 为女性。肺部病例报告最频繁 （72.4%），人际感染的发生率为 0.29 例/10,000 人。随着人类扩展到自然鼠疫疫源地地区，风险增加。快速诊断和治疗对于遏制哈萨克斯坦的鼠疫疫情至关重要。