Most photocatalysts are only capable of reducing CO₂ to produce C₁ products. Due to the higher energy density and added value of C₂₊ products, it is more meaningful to reduce CO₂ to C₂₊ products, but this process is a huge challenge by involving steps such as carbon–carbon coupling. This work reviews some of the current mainstream strategies to achieve the photoreduction of CO₂ to C₂₊ products, including material topography control, doping engineering, defect engineering, single atom engineering and other strategies. The effects, advantages and disadvantages of different material modification strategies are summarized, including light absorption, reactant adsorption, carrier dynamics, etc. Finally, the opportunities and challenges in this emerging field are examined, and potential catalytic strategies are anticipated.

中文翻译：

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合理设计 CO2 光还原材料以产生 C2+ 产品


大多数光催化剂只能还原 CO₂ 以产生 C₁ 产物。由于 C₂₊ 产品具有更高的能量密度和附加值，将 CO₂ 还原为 C₂₊ 产品更有意义，但这个过程涉及碳-碳耦合等步骤，是一个巨大的挑战。本工作综述了目前实现 CO₂ 光还原为 C₂₊ 产物的一些主流策略，包括材料形貌控制、掺杂工程、缺陷工程、单原子工程等策略。总结了不同材料改性策略的效果、优缺点，包括光吸收、反应物吸附、载流子动力学等。最后，研究了这一新兴领域的机遇和挑战，并展望了潜在的催化策略。