Biomass-derived carbon aerogels have attracted considerable attention for applications in CO₂ capture and supercapacitors (SCs). However, these carbon aerogel materials often suffer from an insufficient number of active sites. In this study, a novel N, P co-doped porous carbon aerogel with a hierarchical structure was synthesized using cellulose biomass as the raw material, a NaOH/urea system as the solvent and activator, and urea and urea phosphate as heteroatom dopants. Owing to the synergistic effects of heteroatom co-doping and the hierarchical pore structure, the optimal sample, NPCA-600–0.5, exhibited a large specific surface area of 582.9 m²/g and a high pore volume of 0.187 cm³/g. It demonstrated a CO₂ adsorption capacity of 2.89 mmol/g (25 ℃, 1 bar), along with high CO₂/N₂ selectivity and excellent recyclability, retaining 91 % efficiency after 10 cycles. As a SC electrode, NPCA-600–0.5 achieved a high specific capacitance of 238 F/g at 1 A/g, maintaining 80 % of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles at 10 A/g. This work not only provides a promising adsorbent and electrode material for CO₂ capture and supercapacitors, but also offers valuable insights for the design of advanced carbon-based materials.

中文翻译：

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N，P 共掺杂纤维素基碳气凝胶：一种用于 CO2 捕获和超级电容器的双功能多孔材料


生物质衍生的碳气凝胶在 CO₂ 捕获和超级电容器 （SC） 中的应用引起了相当大的关注。然而，这些碳气凝胶材料通常存在活性位点数量不足的问题。本研究以纤维素生物质为原料，以 NaOH/尿素体系为溶剂和活化剂，尿素和磷酸尿素为杂原子掺杂剂，合成了一种具有多级结构的新型 N，P 共掺杂多孔碳气凝胶。由于杂原子共掺杂和多级孔结构的协同作用，最佳样品 NPCA-600-0.5 表现出 582.9 m²/g 的大比表面积和 0.187 cm³/g 的高孔体积。它显示出 2.89 mmol/g （25 °C， 1 bar） 的 CO₂ 吸附能力，以及高 CO₂/N₂ 选择性和出色的可回收性，在 10 次循环后保持 91% 的效率。作为 SC 电极，NPCA-600-0.5 在 1 A/g 下实现了 238 F/g 的高比电容，在 10 A/g 下循环 5000 次后仍保持其初始电容的 80%。这项工作不仅为 CO₂ 捕获和超级电容器提供了一种有前途的吸附剂和电极材料，而且为先进碳基材料的设计提供了有价值的见解。