In the study, cotransport of fullerene nanoparticles (nC₆₀) and mobile clay colloids (illite (ILL), kaolinite (KL), montmorillonite (ML)) in aquifer porous media and its relation to the aggregative interaction between these two types of particles was investigated. Minimal interaction occurred between nC₆₀ and ILL, resulting in unaffected transport. Strong heteroaggregation between ML and nC₆₀ resulted in not only significant retention of both particles during their cotransport but also the retention of nC₆₀ in the media pre-injected with ML. Strong homoaggregation of KL caused strong straining effect and consequently retention of both KL and nC₆₀ during their cotransport, however, did not cause retention of nC₆₀ during the sequential injection of KL and nC₆₀. Such aggregation behaviors were well demonstrated by the adsorption-sedimentation experiment, microscopic observation, the size and zeta-potential test, and model simulation. Based on the surface chemistry analysis, divalent-cation bridging between ML and nC₆₀ and hydrogen bonding between KL particles were responsible for the heteroaggregation and the homoaggregation, respectively. The study demonstrated the specificity of the aggregation between the mobile clays and nC₆₀ to the chemistry of the clays and its consequent effect on the cotransport of the particles, which is critical for assessment of the environmental risk of nC₆₀.

中文翻译：

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富勒烯纳米颗粒和粘土胶体在多孔介质中的共转运：聚集与转运的关系


在该研究中，富勒烯纳米颗粒 （nC₆₀） 和移动粘土胶体（伊利石 （ILL）、高岭石 （KL）、蒙脱石 （ML））在含水层多孔介质中的共传输及其与这两种类型的颗粒之间的聚集相互作用的关系被研究。nC₆₀ 和 ILL 之间发生的相互作用最小，导致运输不受影响。ML 和 nC₆₀ 之间的强异聚集不仅导致两种颗粒在共转运过程中的显著保留，而且 nC₆₀ 在预注射 ML 的培养基中也存在保留。KL 的强同聚导致强烈的应变效应，因此在共转运过程中 KL 和 nC₆₀ 均被保留，然而， 在连续注射 KL 和 nC₆₀ 期间不会导致 nC₆₀ 的保留。这种聚集行为通过吸附-沉降实验、微观观察、大小和 zeta 电位测试以及模型模拟得到了很好的证明。基于表面化学分析，ML 和 nC₆₀ 之间的二价阳离子桥接以及 KL 颗粒之间的氢键分别是异质聚集和同聚集的原因。该研究证明了移动粘土和 nC₆₀ 之间的聚集对粘土化学的特异性及其对颗粒共运输的后续影响，这对于评估 nC₆₀ 的环境风险至关重要。