With the rising global demand for seafood and the challenges posed by overfishing and climate change, the aquaculture sector has become increasingly important in providing high‐quality protein for human consumption. Although traditional selection breeding programs have made great strides in genetic improvement of aquaculture species over the past decades, faster and more precise breeding tools, such as genome manipulation, are needed for performance enhancement of aquaculture stock. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the current status of three major genome manipulation tools, including RNA interference (RNAi), gene transfer, and genome editing in aquaculture species, and discusses the advances made, challenges faced, and potential future directions of this fast‐developing field. Taking catfish as an example, this paper reviews the specific applications of these techniques to improve traits such as growth, disease resistance, reproduction, and nutritional profiles in various commercially important fishes and crustaceans, highlighting successful applications and ongoing research efforts. We also propose CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated multiplex genome editing for the knockout or replacement of multiple genes in parallel to improve multiple traits in fish. Collectively, this review provides insights into the evolving landscape of genome manipulation in aquaculture and sheds light on its implications for sustainable practices and responsible innovation.

中文翻译：

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选定水产养殖生物的基因组操作进展


随着全球对海鲜的需求不断增长，以及过度捕捞和气候变化带来的挑战，水产养殖部门在为人类消费提供优质蛋白质方面变得越来越重要。尽管在过去的几十年里，传统的选择育种计划在水产养殖物种的遗传改良方面取得了长足的进步，但需要更快、更精确的育种工具，如基因组操作，以提高水产养殖种群的性能。本文全面概述了三种主要基因组操作工具的现状，包括 RNA 干扰 （RNAi）、基因转移和水产养殖物种的基因组编辑，并讨论了这一快速发展领域的进展、面临的挑战和潜在的未来方向。以鲶鱼为例，本文回顾了这些技术在改善各种具有重要商业价值的鱼类和甲壳类动物的生长、抗病、繁殖和营养特征等方面的具体应用，重点介绍了成功的应用和正在进行的研究工作。我们还提出了 CRISPR/Cas9 介导的多重基因组编辑，用于平行敲除或替换多个基因，以改善鱼类的多个性状。总的来说，这篇综述提供了对水产养殖中基因组操作不断发展的格局的见解，并阐明了其对可持续实践和负责任创新的影响。