Current limitations in 3D printing pose significant challenges for the fabrication of hierarchical 3D scaffolds with nanofibrous structures that simulate the natural bone extracellular matrix (ECM) for enhanced bone regeneration. This study presents an innovative approach to 3D printing customized hierarchical porous scaffolds with nanofiber structures using biodegradable nanofibrous microspheres as the bio‐ink. In vitro investigations demonstrate that the hierarchical porous architecture substantially enhances cell infiltration and proliferation rates, while the nanofiber topology provides physical cues to guide osteogenic differentiation and ECM deposition. When serving as a cell carrier, the 3D‐printed nanofibrous scaffold promotes bone tissue regeneration and integration in vivo. Additionally, the facile and versatile chemical modification facilitates the precise tailoring of the scaffold's functionality. Using nanofibrous microspheres with highly biomimetic and versatile modification properties as the foundational constituent in this universal 3D printing methodology enables comprehensive manipulation of scaffolding biological properties, spanning from macroscopic external morphology to molecular‐scale biochemical kinetics, thereby addressing a diverse spectrum of clinical requisites.

中文翻译：

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用于骨再生的 3D 打印多孔纳米纤维支架


目前 3D 打印的局限性对制造具有纳米纤维结构的分层 3D 支架提出了重大挑战，这些支架模拟天然骨细胞外基质 （ECM） 以增强骨再生。本研究提出了一种创新方法，使用可生物降解的纳米纤维微球作为生物墨水，3D 打印具有纳米纤维结构的定制分层多孔支架。体外研究表明，分层多孔结构显着提高了细胞浸润和增殖速率，而纳米纤维拓扑结构为指导成骨分化和 ECM 沉积提供了物理线索。当作为细胞载体时，3D 打印的纳米纤维支架可促进体内骨组织再生和整合。此外，简单而多功能的化学改性有助于精确定制支架的功能。在这种通用的 3D 打印方法中，使用具有高度仿生和多功能修饰特性的纳米纤维微球作为基本成分，可以全面操纵支架生物特性，从宏观外部形态到分子尺度的生化动力学，从而解决各种临床需求。