The rapid increase in population, urbanization, and industrialization have led to the discharge of wastewater with high-concentration of nitrate contaminant. Here we emphasize the intervention point of nitrate fate, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and propose a potential strategy to achieve nitrogen recovery. The resource recovery process of applying microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) to traditional energy-intensive wastewater treatment to recover valuable nitrogen products was investigated. This review systematically elucidates the DNRA pathway, focusing on recent trends of METs-assisted DNRA-driven nitrogen recycling and the use of different electron donors in current research. Different types of DNRA functional microorganisms were critically summarized and compared, laying the foundations for applying DNRA keystone species. In addition, the competition and switching mechanism between denitrification process and DNRA process are analyzed in detail, which provides support for DNRA-driven nitrogen recovery by microbial electrochemical technology. Finally, the present challenges and prospects in METs-assisted DNRA for nitrogen recovery are discussed, including enhancement strategies, possible integration with other processes, and the potential application of multi-component substrates.

中文翻译：

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使用各种电子供体通过 MET 辅助异化硝酸盐还原为铵 （DNRA） 捕获废水氮：最新趋势、挑战和未来方向


人口的快速增长、城市化和工业化导致废水排放中含有高浓度硝酸盐污染物。在这里，我们强调了硝酸盐命运的干预点，异化硝酸盐还原为铵 （DNRA），并提出了实现氮回收的潜在策略。研究了将微生物电化学技术 （MET） 应用于传统能源密集型废水处理以回收有价值的氮产品的资源回收过程。本综述系统阐明了 DNRA 通路，重点关注 MET 辅助 DNRA 驱动的氮循环的最新趋势以及当前研究中不同电子供体的使用。对不同类型的 DNRA 功能微生物进行了批判性总结和比较，为应用 DNRA 关键物种奠定了基础。此外，详细分析了反硝化工艺和 DNRA 工艺之间的竞争和转换机制，为微生物电化学技术 DNRA 驱动的氮回收提供了支持。最后，讨论了 MET 辅助 DNRA 用于氮回收的当前挑战和前景，包括增强策略、与其他工艺的可能集成以及多组分底物的潜在应用。