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Regulation of de novo and maintenance DNA methylation by DNA methyltransferases in post-implantation embryos.
Journal of Biological Chemistry ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-11-12 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107990
Zhen Xu,Jiajia Shi,Qian Chen,Shuting Yang,Zilin Wang,Biao Xiao,Zhijian Lai,Yumeng Jin,Yilin Li,Xiajun Li

DNA methylation is mainly catalyzed by three DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) proteins in mammals. Usually DNMT1 is considered the primary DNMT for maintenance DNA methylation, whereas DNMT3A and DNMT3B function in de novo DNA methylation. Interestingly, we found DNMT3A and DNMT3B exerted maintenance and de novo DNA methylation in post-implantation mouse embryos. Together with DNMT1, they maintained DNA methylation at some pluripotent genes and lineage marker genes. Germline-derived DNA methylation at the imprinting control regions (ICRs) is stably maintained in embryos. DNMT1 maintained DNA methylation at most ICRs in post-implantation embryos. Surprisingly, DNA methylation was increased at five ICRs after implantation, and two DNMT3 proteins maintained the newly acquired DNA methylation at two of these five ICRs. Intriguingly, DNMT3A and DNMT3B maintained pre-existing DNA methylation at four other ICRs, similar to what we found in embryonic stem (ES) cells before. These results suggest that DNA methylation is more dynamic than originally thought during embryogenesis including the ICRs of the imprinted regions. DNMT3A and DNMT3B exert both de novo and maintenance DNA methylation functions after implantation. They maintain large portions of newly acquired DNA methylation at variable degrees across the genome in mouse embryos, together with DNMT1. Furthermore, they contribute to maintenance of pre-existing DNA methylation at a subset of ICRs as well as in the CpG islands (CGIs) and certain lineage marker gene. These findings may have some implications for the important roles of DNMT proteins in development and human diseases.

中文翻译:


植入后胚胎中 DNA 甲基转移酶对 DNA 甲基化的从头和维持 DNA 甲基化的调节。



DNA 甲基化主要由哺乳动物中的三种 DNA 甲基转移酶 (DNMT) 蛋白催化。通常 DNMT1 被认为是维持 DNA 甲基化的主要 DNMT,而 DNMT3A 和 DNMT3B 在从头 DNA 甲基化中发挥作用。有趣的是,我们发现 DNMT3A 和 DNMT3B 在植入后小鼠胚胎中发挥了维持和从头 DNA 甲基化的作用。它们与 DNMT1 一起维持了一些多能基因和谱系标记基因的 DNA 甲基化。印记控制区 (ICR) 的种系衍生的 DNA 甲基化在胚胎中稳定维持。DNMT1 在植入后胚胎的大多数 ICR 上维持 DNA 甲基化。令人惊讶的是,植入后 DNA 甲基化在 5 个 ICR 处增加,并且 2 个 DNMT3 蛋白在这 5 个 ICR 中的 2 个保持新获得的 DNA 甲基化。有趣的是,DNMT3A 和 DNMT3B 在其他四个 ICR 上维持了预先存在的 DNA 甲基化,类似于我们之前在胚胎干细胞 (ES) 细胞中发现的。这些结果表明,在胚胎发生过程中,DNA 甲基化比最初认为的更具动态性,包括印记区域的 ICR。DNMT3A 和 DNMT3B 在植入后同时发挥 DNA 甲基化和维持 DNA 甲基化功能。它们与 DNMT1 一起在小鼠胚胎的基因组中以不同程度维持大部分新获得的 DNA 甲基化。此外,它们有助于维持 ICR 子集以及 CpG 岛 (CGI) 和某些谱系标记基因中预先存在的 DNA 甲基化。这些发现可能对 DNMT 蛋白在发育和人类疾病中的重要作用具有一些意义。
更新日期:2024-11-12
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