Objectives. To estimate the effect of influenza vaccination disparities. Methods. We compared symptomatic influenza cases between Black and White races in 2 scenarios: (1) race- and age-specific vaccination coverage and (2) equal vaccination coverage. We also compared differences in household composition between races. We used the Framework for Reconstructing Epidemiological Dynamics, an agent-based model that assigns US Census‒based age, race, households, and geographic location to agents (individual people), in US counties of varying racial and age composition. Results. Influenza cases were highest in counties with higher proportions of children. Cases were up to 30% higher in Black agents with both race-based and race-equal vaccination coverage. Compared with corresponding categories of White households, cases in Black households without children were lower and with children were higher. Conclusions. Racial disparities in influenza cases persisted after equalizing vaccination coverage. The proportion of children in the population contributed to the number of influenza cases regardless of race. Differences in household composition may provide insight into racial differences and offer an opportunity to improve vaccination coverage to reduce influenza burden for both races. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print November 14, 2024:e1-e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307878).

中文翻译：

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流感疫苗接种、家庭构成和流感发病率的种族差异：一项基于代理的建模研究。


目标。评估流感疫苗接种差异的影响。方法。我们在 2 种情况下比较了黑人和白人种族之间的症状性流感病例：（1） 特定种族和年龄的疫苗接种覆盖率和 （2） 相等的疫苗接种覆盖率。我们还比较了不同种族之间家庭构成的差异。我们使用了重建流行病学动力学框架，这是一种基于代理的模型，它将基于美国人口普查的年龄、种族、家庭和地理位置分配给美国不同种族和年龄构成的县的代理（个人）。结果。儿童比例较高的县的流感病例最高。在同时具有基于种族和种族平等的疫苗接种覆盖率的黑人代理人中，病例数高出 30%。与相应类别的白人家庭相比，没有孩子的黑人家庭的病例较少，有孩子的黑人家庭的病例较高。结论。在疫苗接种覆盖率均等后，流感病例的种族差异仍然存在。儿童在人口中的比例导致了流感病例的数量，与种族无关。家庭构成的差异可能有助于了解种族差异，并为提高疫苗接种覆盖率以减轻两个种族的流感负担提供机会。（美国公共卫生杂志。2024 年 11 月 14 日提前在线发布：e1-e8。https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307878）。