How does living in an environment with many or few family relatives shape our psychology? Here, we draw upon ideas from behavioral ecology to explore the psychological effects of ecological relatedness-the prevalence of family relatives in one's environment. We present six studies, both correlational and experimental, that examine this. In general, people and populations that live in ecologies with more family relatives (Studies 1-4b), or who imagine themselves to be living in such ecologies (Studies 2/3a/3b/4b), engage in more extreme pro-group behavior (e.g., being willing to go to war for their country), hold more interdependent self-concepts, are more punishing of antisocial behaviors (e.g., support the death penalty for murder), identify themselves as more connected to and trust nearby groups (e.g., their community and neighbors) but less so distant groups (e.g., foreigners, the world), and also judge sibling incest as more morally wrong. These effects are examined across three countries (the United States, Ghana, the Philippines) and are robust to a range of controls and alternative explanations (e.g., ingroup preferences, familiarity effects, kinship intensity). The current work highlights the psychological effects of an underexamined dimension of our social ecology, provides a set of methods for studying it, and holds implications for understanding the ecological origins of a range of social behaviors and cultural differences. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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关联生态学：与家人共处（或无家人）有何重要意义。


生活在一个有很多或很少家庭亲戚的环境中，会如何影响我们的心理？在这里，我们借鉴了行为生态学的思想来探索生态相关性的心理影响——一个人的环境中家庭亲属的普遍性。我们提出了六项研究，包括相关和实验研究，以检验这一点。一般来说，生活在家庭亲戚较多的生态环境中的人和人群（研究 1-4b），或想象自己生活在这样的生态中（研究 2/3a/3b/4b），从事更极端的亲群体行为（例如，愿意为国家而战），持有更多相互依赖的自我概念，对反社会行为的惩罚更大（例如， 支持对谋杀判处死刑），认为自己与附近的群体（例如，他们的社区和邻居）有更紧密的联系和信任，但不太遥远的群体（例如，外国人、世界），并且还认为兄弟姐妹在道德上更错误。这些影响在三个国家 （美国、加纳、菲律宾） 进行了检查，并且对一系列控制和替代解释 （例如，内群体偏好、熟悉效应、亲属关系强度） 具有稳健性。目前的工作强调了我们社会生态学中一个被充分研究的维度的心理影响，提供了一套研究它的方法，并对理解一系列社会行为和文化差异的生态起源具有意义。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。