A great deal of research in dual-process models has been devoted to highlighting differences in the structure and function of the implicit and explicit attitude constructs. However, the two forms of attitudes can also demonstrate important shared properties, and prior work suggests that one similarity may be in factors that determine measurement reliability. To better explore this issue, Study 1 analyzed the test-retest reliability in measures of both implicit and explicit attitudes within a single study session across 75 topics (N > 35,000). Explicit attitudes had greater test-retest reliability than implicit attitudes, but each showed considerable heterogeneity across topics even when measured within a single study session. Analyses also included several candidate moderator variables, such as attitude certainty or familiarity. While results were not identical, the moderators associated with greater test-retest reliability for implicit and explicit attitudes exhibited more similarities than differences. Specifically, attitudes experienced as more distinctive, more relevant to one's self-concept, more certain, and more accessible had higher test-retest reliability for both forms of evaluation. Variation in short-term reliability for implicit and explicit attitudes was replicated in Study 2, and Study 3 revealed that topics low in short-term reliability were also lower in a longitudinal sample that completed attitude measures separated by several weeks. These results advance our understanding of each attitude construct and are consistent with a more dynamic relationship between an attitude and its measure, as even attitudes measured with high levels of conscious control could show remarkable short-term instability when assessed only minutes apart. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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隐含和外显态度的重测信度的调节因子。


对双过程模型的大量研究致力于强调隐性和显式态度结构的结构和功能的差异。然而，这两种形式的态度也可以展示重要的共同属性，以前的研究表明，一个相似之处可能在决定测量可靠性的因素上。为了更好地探讨这个问题，研究 1 分析了 75 个主题 （N > 35,000） 的单次研究会话中内隐和外显态度测量的重测信度。外显态度比内隐态度具有更高的重测信度，但即使在单个研究会话中测量时，每种态度在主题之间也显示出相当大的异质性。分析还包括几个候选调节因子变量，例如态度确定性或熟悉度。虽然结果并不相同，但与隐性和外显态度的重测信度更高的调节因子表现出更多的相似性而不是差异性。具体来说，对于这两种形式的评估，体验到的更独特、更与自我概念更相关、更确定、更容易获得的态度具有更高的重测信度。研究 2 复制了隐性和外显态度的短期信度变化，研究 3 显示，在完成间隔数周的态度测量的纵向样本中，短期信度低的主题也较低。这些结果促进了我们对每种态度结构的理解，并与态度与其测量之间更动态的关系一致，因为即使是用高水平的有意识控制来测量的态度，在仅相隔几分钟进行评估时，也可能显示出显着的短期不稳定性。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。