Are people better at recognizing individuals of more relevant groups, such as ingroup compared to outgroup members or high-status compared to low-status individuals? Previous studies that associated faces with group information found a robust effect of group on face recognition but only tested it using the same images presented during the learning phase. They therefore cannot tell whether group information enhances encoding of the specific image presented during learning or encoding of the person who appears in it, which should generalize to other images of that person. In addition, the measures used in these studies do not sufficiently distinguish between sensitivity and response bias. In this article, we addressed these limitations and examined in three experiments the effect of group membership (Experiments 1 and 2) and social status (Experiment 3) on face recognition. In all experiments, we assessed recognition of both learned and unlearned views of the learned faces. Our results show improved recognition of ingroup members compared to outgroup members and of individuals of high-status groups compared to low-status groups for both learned and unlearned views. These effects emerged also when we used measures of memory accuracy that adequately control for response bias. These findings highlight the importance of group and status information in person recognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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组信息增强了对已学习和未学习的人脸外观的识别。


人们是否更擅长识别更相关群体的个体，例如与外群体成员相比，内群体与低地位个体相比，高地位个体更擅长识别？之前将人脸与组信息相关联的研究发现，组对人脸识别有很强的影响，但只使用学习阶段呈现的相同图像对其进行了测试。因此，他们无法判断群体信息是否增强了学习过程中呈现的特定图像的编码或对出现在其中的人的编码，这应该推广到该人的其他图像。此外，这些研究中使用的措施没有充分区分敏感性偏倚和反应偏倚。在本文中，我们解决了这些局限性，并在三个实验中研究了群体成员身份（实验 1 和 2）和社会地位（实验 3）对人脸识别的影响。在所有实验中，我们评估了对已学习面孔的已学习和未学习视图的识别度。我们的结果表明，与外组成员相比，对内组成员的识别度更高，与低地位组相比，对高地位群体个体的识别度更高，无论是学习视图还是未学习视图。当我们使用充分控制反应偏倚的记忆准确性测量时，这些影响也会出现。这些发现强调了群体和状态信息在个人识别中的重要性。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。