BACKGROUND Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Exposure to VOCs is associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors, including elevated blood pressure in susceptible populations. However, research in the general population, particularly among nonsmoking adults, is limited. We hypothesized that higher VOC exposure is associated with higher blood pressure and hypertension, among nonsmokers. METHODS We included 4 cycles of data (2011-2018) of nonsmoking adults (n=4430) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Urinary VOC metabolites were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, adjusted for urine dilution, and log-transformed. We estimated mean differences in blood pressure using linear models and prevalence ratio of stage 2 hypertension using modified Poisson models with robust standard errors. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, education, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycle. RESULTS Participants were 54% female, with a median age of 48 years, 32.3% had hypertension, and 7.9% had diabetes. The mean differences (95% CI) in systolic blood pressure were 1.61 (0.07-3.15) and 2.46 (1.01-3.92) mm Hg when comparing the highest with the lowest quartile of urinary acrolein (N-acetyl-S-[2-carboxyethyl]-L-cysteine) and 1,3-butadiene (N-acetyl-S-[3,4-dihydroxybutyl]-L-cysteine) metabolites. The prevalence ratios for hypertension were 1.06 (95% CI, 1.02-1.09) and 1.05 (95% CI, 1.01-1.09) when comparing the highest with lowest quartiles of urinary acrolein (N-acetyl-S-[2-carboxyethyl]-L-cysteine) and 1,3-butadiene (N-acetyl-S-[3,4-dihydroxybutyl]-L-cysteine), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to VOCs may be a relevant yet understudied environmental contributor to cardiovascular disease risk in the nonsmoking, US population.

中文翻译：

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NHANES 2011 年至 2018 年挥发性有机化合物和血压的暴露。


背景 挥发性有机化合物 （VOC） 是无处不在的环境污染物。暴露于 VOC 与心血管疾病风险因素有关，包括易感人群的血压升高。然而，对普通人群，尤其是不吸烟成人的研究是有限的。我们假设较高的 VOC 暴露与非吸烟者较高的血压和高血压有关。方法 我们纳入了来自全国健康和营养检查调查的不吸烟成人 （n=4430） 的 4 个周期 （2011-2018） 数据。通过超高效液相色谱-质谱法测量尿液 VOC 代谢物，根据尿液稀释度进行调整，并进行对数转换。我们使用线性模型估计血压的平均差异，并使用具有稳健标准误差的改良泊松模型估计 2 期高血压的患病率。根据年龄、性别、种族和民族、教育程度、体重指数、估计肾小球滤过率以及全国健康和营养检查调查周期对模型进行了调整。结果 参与者 54% 为女性，中位年龄为 48 岁，32.3% 患有高血压，7.9% 患有糖尿病。当尿丙烯醛 （N-乙酰-S-[2-羧乙基] -L-半胱氨酸） 和 1,3-丁二烯 （N-乙酰-S-[3,4-二羟基丁基]-L-半胱氨酸） 代谢物的最高与最低四分位数进行比较时，收缩压的平均差 （95% CI） 分别为 1.61 （0.07-3.15） 和 2.46 （1.01-3.92） mm Hg。高血压患病率分别为 1.06 （95% CI， 1.02-1.09） 和 1.05 （95% CI， 1.01-1.09） 与尿丙烯醛 （N-乙酰-S-[2-羧乙基]-L-半胱氨酸） 和 1,3-丁二烯 （N-乙酰-S-[3,4-二羟基丁基]-L-半胱氨酸） 的最高和最低四分位数。 结论 在非吸烟的美国人群中，暴露于 VOCs 可能是导致心血管疾病风险的相关但研究不足的环境因素。