MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and influence numerous biological processes. Aberrant miRNA expression is linked to diseases such as diabetes mellitus; indeed, miRNAs regulate pancreatic islet inflammation in both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Traditionally, miRNA research has focused on canonical sequences and offers a two-layer view - from expression to function. However, advances in RNA sequencing have revealed miRNA variants, called isomiRs, that arise from alternative processing or modifications of canonical sequences. This introduces a three-layer view - from expression, through sequence modifications, to function. We discuss the potential link between cellular stresses and isomiR biogenesis, and how this association could improve our knowledge of islet inflammation and dysfunction.

中文翻译：

---

β 细胞炎症中 miRNA 调控的三层视角。


MicroRNA （miRNA） 是非编码 RNA 分子，可在转录后调节基因表达并影响许多生物过程。异常的 miRNA 表达与糖尿病等疾病有关;事实上，miRNA 调节 1 型 （T1D） 和 2 型糖尿病 （T2D） 的胰岛炎症。传统上，miRNA 研究侧重于经典序列，并提供从表达到功能的两层视图。然而，RNA 测序的进步揭示了 miRNA 变体，称为 isomiR，它是由经典序列的替代加工或修饰引起的。这引入了一个三层视图 - 从表达式到序列修改，再到函数。我们讨论了细胞应激与 isomiR 生物发生之间的潜在联系，以及这种关联如何提高我们对胰岛炎症和功能障碍的了解。