Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) worldwide. Norovirus outbreaks at military facilities can cause loss of training and working days and increased healthcare utilization, affecting force readiness. During 2013-2023, we enrolled 2,304 US military recruits from 4 basic training facilities to investigate AGE outbreaks among this population. Among enrollees, we detected norovirus in 433 (18.8%) AGE cases, and norovirus caused 49 AGE outbreaks during our longitudinal study. On average, each norovirus case-patient missed 1.2 training days due to illness, and 6.2% required infusion care. Whole-genome sequencing of selected samples from each outbreak produced full-length genomes (6,989-7,787 bp) for 39 samples. Norovirus GII.4 Sydney was the most (12/39, 30.8%) identified genotype over the study period. Phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses revealed that several outbreak strains were responsible for causing >1 outbreak, even across different training sites. Our findings can inform infection control practices at military installations and overall norovirus vaccine development.

中文翻译：

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2013-2023 年美国新兵中引起急性胃肠炎爆发的诺如病毒的分子特征。


诺如病毒是全球急性胃肠炎 （AGE） 的主要原因。诺如病毒在军事设施中爆发会导致训练和工作日的损失，并增加医疗保健利用率，从而影响部队的战备状态。2013-2023 年期间，我们从 4 个基础训练机构招募了 2,304 名美国新兵，以调查该人群中的 AGE 疫情。在入组者中，我们在 433 例 （18.8%） AGE 病例中检测到诺如病毒，在我们的纵向研究中，诺如病毒导致了 49 例 AGE 爆发。平均而言，每位诺如病毒病例患者因病错过了 1.2 天的训练，6.2% 的患者需要输液护理。对每次爆发的选定样本进行全基因组测序，产生了 39 个样本的全长基因组 （6,989-7,787 bp）。诺如病毒 GII.4 Sydney 是研究期间鉴定基因型最多的 （12/39， 30.8%）。系统发育和比较基因组分析显示，几种爆发菌株是导致 >1 爆发的原因，即使在不同的训练地点也是如此。我们的研究结果可以为军事设施的感染控制实践和整体诺如病毒疫苗开发提供信息。