Drowning is the third leading cause of death from unintentional injury worldwide, accounting for 7% of all injury-related deaths. The World Health Organization estimates that there are ≈236 000 deaths due to drowning worldwide each year. Significant efforts have focused on creating systems to prevent drowning, but an average of 4000 fatal and 8000 nonfatal drownings still occur annually in the United States-likely an underestimate. Drowning generally progresses from initial respiratory arrest due to submersion-related hypoxia to cardiac arrest; thus, it can be challenging to distinguish respiratory arrest from cardiac arrest because pulses are difficult to accurately palpate within the recommended 10-second window. Therefore, resuscitation from cardiac arrest attributable to this specific circumstance must focus on restoring breathing as much as it does circulation. Resuscitation from drowning may begin with in-water rescue breathing when safely provided by rescuers trained in the technique and should continue with chest compressions, in keeping with basic life support guidelines, once the drowned individual and the rescuer are in a safe environment (eg, dry land, a boat). This focused update incorporates systematic reviews from 2021 to 2023 performed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation related to the resuscitation of drowning. These clinical guidelines are the product of a committee of experts representing the American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics. The writing group reviewed the recent International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation systematic reviews, including updated literature searches, prior guidelines related to resuscitation from cardiac arrest following drowning, and other drowning-related publications from the American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics. The writing group used these reviews to update its recommendations aimed at resuscitation of cardiac arrest following drowning in adults and children.

中文翻译：

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2024 年美国心脏协会和美国儿科学会对特殊情况的重点更新：溺水后复苏：美国心脏协会心肺复苏和紧急心血管护理指南的更新。


溺水是全球第三大意外伤害死亡原因，占所有与伤害相关的死亡的 7%。世界卫生组织估计，全世界每年有 ≈236 000 人死于溺水。重大努力集中在创建预防溺水的系统上，但美国每年平均仍发生 4000 起致命和 8000 起非致命溺水事件——可能被低估了。淹溺通常从溺水相关缺氧引起的初始呼吸停止发展为心脏骤停;因此，区分呼吸骤停和心脏骤停可能具有挑战性，因为在推荐的 10 秒窗口内很难准确触诊脉搏。因此，由于这种特定情况导致的心脏骤停复苏必须侧重于恢复呼吸和血液循环。溺水复苏可以从水中人工呼吸开始，当由受过该技术培训的救援人员安全提供时，一旦溺水和救援人员处于安全的环境（例如，旱地、船只），应继续进行胸外按压，以遵守基本的生命支持指南。本次重点更新纳入了国际复苏联络委员会 2021 年至 2023 年进行的与溺水复苏相关的系统评价。这些临床指南是代表美国心脏协会和美国儿科学会的专家委员会的产物。 撰写小组回顾了最近的国际复苏联络委员会系统评价，包括更新的文献检索、与溺水后心脏骤停复苏相关的先前指南，以及来自美国心脏协会和美国儿科学会的其他与溺水相关的出版物。该撰写小组使用这些综述更新了其针对成人和儿童溺水后心脏骤停复苏的建议。