BACKGROUND Strabismus is known to negatively affect patients' self-confidence and ability to interact with society. Strabismus is commonly depicted in animated films marketed to children, potentially influencing the perception of strabismus by young impressionable audiences. METHODS We reviewed all animated films released by Walt Disney Animation Studios from 1989 to 2022 and all films released by Pixar, DreamWorks, and Studio Ghibli before 2023 and identified all characters with strabismus. Five raters each independently performed a character trait analysis of all characters with strabismus, and a sample proportion test was used for statistical comparison of these traits. RESULTS One hundred twenty five movies met inclusion criteria. We identified 46 characters with strabismus, with at least 1 character identified in 33 of the 125 films. These characters were more likely to be portrayed as unintelligent (30%) than intelligent (2%), villains (15%) than heroes (4%), and followers (41%) than leaders (7%). Twenty-six (58%) were either mute or did not speak, 24% were portrayed as frightening, 35% had other physical deformities, and 35% were clumsy. Inter-rater reliability testing demonstrated substantial agreement (Kappa 0.61-0.80) or moderate agreement (κ 0.41-0.60) among raters for most of the character traits. CONCLUSIONS Characters with strabismus are common in animated films, where they are significantly more likely to be portrayed negatively than positively. These films are marketed to children, and their negative depictions of strabismus likely exacerbate the social stigma faced by children with strabismus.

中文翻译：

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儿童动画电影中对斜视的描述。


背景 众所周知，斜视会对患者的自信心和与社会互动的能力产生负面影响。斜视通常出现在面向儿童的动画电影中，这可能会影响易受影响的年轻观众对斜视的看法。方法 我们回顾了华特迪士尼动画工作室从 1989 年到 2022 年发行的所有动画电影以及皮克斯、梦工厂和吉卜力工作室在 2023 年之前发行的所有电影，并确定了所有患有斜视的角色。五名评分者各自独立对所有斜视性状进行了性状特征分析，并使用样本比例检验对这些性状进行统计比较。结果 125 部电影符合纳入标准。我们确定了 46 个患有斜视的角色，在 125 部电影中的 33 部中至少确定了 1 个角色。这些角色更有可能被描绘成不聪明 （30%） 而不是聪明 （2%），恶棍 （15%） 而不是英雄 （4%），追随者 （41%） 而不是领导者 （7%）。26 人 （58%） 要么是哑巴，要么不说话，24% 被描绘成可怕的，35% 有其他身体畸形，35% 是笨拙的。评分者间可靠性检验表明，评分者对大多数性格特征具有实质性一致性 （Kappa 0.61-0.80） 或中等一致性 （κ 0.41-0.60）。结论 患有斜视的角色在动画电影中很常见，他们被描绘成负面的可能性明显高于正面描绘的可能性。这些电影是面向儿童的，他们对斜视的负面描述可能会加剧斜视儿童面临的社会耻辱感。