Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by destruction of pancreatic β-cells, leading to insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia, and its incidence is increasing year by year. The pathogenesis of T1DM is complex, mainly including genetic and environmental factors. Intestinal flora is the largest microbial community in the human body and plays a very important role in human health and disease. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that intestinal flora and its metabolites, as an environmental factor, regulate the development of T1DM through various mechanisms such as altering the intestinal mucosal barrier, influencing insulin secretion and body immune regulation. Intestinal flora transplantation, probiotic supplementation, and other approaches to modulate the intestinal flora appear to be potential therapeutic approaches for T1DM. This article reviews the dysbiosis of the intestinal flora in T1DM, the potential mechanisms by which the intestinal flora affects T1DM, as well as discusses potential approaches to treating T1DM by intervening in the intestinal flora.

中文翻译：

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肠道菌群：1 型糖尿病的潜在发病机制和治疗策略。


1 型糖尿病 （T1DM） 是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征是胰腺β细胞破坏，导致胰岛素缺乏和高血糖，其发病率逐年增加。T1DM 的发病机制很复杂，主要包括遗传和环境因素。肠道菌群是人体最大的微生物群落，在人类健康和疾病中起着非常重要的作用。近年来，越来越多的研究表明，肠道菌群及其代谢产物作为一种环境因素，通过改变肠道粘膜屏障、影响胰岛素分泌和机体免疫调节等多种机制调节 T1DM 的发生。肠道菌群移植、益生菌补充剂和其他调节肠道菌群的方法似乎是 1 型糖尿病的潜在治疗方法。本文综述了 1 型糖尿病患者肠道菌群失调、肠道菌群影响 1 型糖尿病的潜在机制，并讨论了通过干预肠道菌群治疗 1 型糖尿病的潜在方法。