BACKGROUND In 2021, an estimated 43% of the world's population had been diagnosed with a neurological disorder. Early life stress (ELS) is now a well-established risk factor for later-life neurological disorders. However, translation to clinical practice is hindered by oversimplification, lack of standardisation and limited knowledge of the patterns and mechanisms of disease pathogenesis. METHODS The current paper reviews existing literature relating to ELS and neurological disorders and provides an overview and clinical perspective of the gaps in knowledge and future directions required to improve clinical care for patients. RESULTS To develop effective preventive or restorative therapies, there will be an increasing need to understand and further define the role of ELS in the subsequent emergence of neurological disorders and to investigate the interaction of ELS with other more widely recognised genetic and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS We propose that additional interdisciplinary studies are needed to develop standardised scales to assess ELS and a new taxonomy and survey of ELS for future interdisciplinary studies. In addition, we suggest that further studies involving clinical cohorts have the potential to contribute to important findings that could help enhance the care of patients.

中文翻译：

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将早期生活压力整合到神经系统疾病中：推进预防神经学。


背景 2021 年，估计全球 43% 的人口被诊断出患有神经系统疾病。早期生活压力 （ELS） 现在是晚年神经系统疾病的一个公认的风险因素。然而，由于过于简单化、缺乏标准化以及对疾病发病机制的模式和机制的了解有限，阻碍了向临床实践的转化。方法 本文回顾了与 ELS 和神经系统疾病相关的现有文献，并提供了改善患者临床护理所需的知识差距和未来方向的概述和临床观点。结果为了开发有效的预防性或恢复性疗法，越来越需要了解和进一步定义 ELS 在随后出现的神经系统疾病中的作用，并研究 ELS 与其他更广泛认可的遗传和环境因素的相互作用。结论 我们建议需要更多的跨学科研究来开发标准化的量表来评估 ELS，并为未来的跨学科研究制定新的 ELS 分类法和调查。此外，我们建议涉及临床队列的进一步研究有可能为有助于加强患者护理的重要发现做出贡献。