Ionic conductive hydrogel-based temperature sensors have emerged as promising candidates due to their good stretchability and biocompatibility. However, the unsatisfactory sensitivity, sluggish response/recovery speed, and poor environmental stability limit their applications for accurate long-term health monitoring and robot perception, especially in extreme environments. To address these concerns, here, the stretchable temperature sensors based on a double-side elastomer-encapsulated thin-film organohydrogel (DETO) architecture are proposed with impressive performance. It is found that the water–polyol binary solvent, organohydrogel film, and sandwiched device structure play important roles in the temperature sensing performance. By modifying the composition of binary solvent and thicknesses of organohydrogel and elastomer films, the DETO microsensors realize a thickness of only 380 μm, unprecedented temperature sensitivity (37.96%/°C), fast response time (6.01 s) and recovery time (10.53 s), wide detection range (25–95.7 °C), and good stretchability (40% strain), which are superior to those of conventional hydrogel-based sensors. Furthermore, the device displays good environmental stability with negligible dehydration and prolonged operation duration. With these attributes, the wearable sensor is exploited for the real-time monitoring of various physiological signals such as human skin temperature and respiration patterns as well as temperature perception for robots.

中文翻译：

---

基于稳定封装有机水凝胶薄膜的超灵敏、快速响应和可拉伸温度微传感器，适用于可穿戴应用


基于离子导电水凝胶的温度传感器因其良好的可拉伸性和生物相容性而成为有前途的候选者。然而，灵敏度不理想、响应/恢复速度慢、环境稳定性差等问题限制了其在精准长期健康监测和机器人感知方面的应用，尤其是在极端环境下。为了解决这些问题，本文提出了基于双面弹性体封装薄膜有机水凝胶 （DETO） 架构的可拉伸温度传感器，其性能令人印象深刻。研究发现，水-多元醇二元溶剂、有机水凝胶膜和夹层器件结构在温度传感性能中起着重要作用。通过改变二元溶剂的成分以及有机水凝胶和弹性体薄膜的厚度，DETO 微型传感器实现了仅 380 μm 的厚度、前所未有的温度灵敏度 （37.96%/°C）、快速响应时间 （6.01 s） 和恢复时间 （10.53 s）、宽检测范围 （25–95.7 °C） 和良好的拉伸性 （40% 应变），优于传统的基于水凝胶的传感器。此外，该设备具有良好的环境稳定性，脱水可以忽略不计，并延长了运行时间。凭借这些特性，可穿戴传感器可用于实时监测各种生理信号，例如人体皮肤温度和呼吸模式以及机器人的温度感知。