Exploring complex topological structures in condensed matter has shown promising applications in nanotechnology. Although polar topologies such as chiral vortices and skyrmions have been observed in ferroelectric heterostructures, their existence in simple systems has posed challenges due to the absence of intrinsic noncollinear interaction (like Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction in ferromagnetics). Here, we demonstrate that a nanoindentation mechanically switches local polarizations to stable polar topologies, including skyrmions, within a room-temperature PbTiO₃ thin film via the flexoelectric effect as a noncollinear (Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya-like) driving force using phase-field simulations. In addition, by moving the indenter, the continuous polarization switching leads to the “writing” of arbitrary polar patterns (such as donut-like skyrmionium). Furthermore, the written topologies can be “erased” by applying a voltage with the same conducted indenter. Therefore, this study shows the writing and erasing process of room-temperature polar topologies in a ferroelectric thin film, which significantly advances their potential applications.

中文翻译：

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在铁电薄膜中通过外源 Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya 类挠曲电机械写入极地 Skyrmionic 拓扑状态


探索凝聚态中复杂的拓扑结构在纳米技术中显示出广阔的应用前景。尽管在铁电异质结构中观察到了手性涡旋和斯格明子等极性拓扑结构，但由于缺乏固有的非共线相互作用（如铁磁学中的 Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya 相互作用），它们在简单系统中的存在带来了挑战。在这里，我们证明了纳米压痕通过挠曲电效应作为非共线（Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya-like）驱动力，在室温_{PbTiO 3} 薄膜内机械地将局部极化转换为稳定的极拓扑结构，包括斯格明子，使用相场模拟。此外，通过移动压头，连续极化切换导致任意极性图案（例如甜甜圈状的 skyrmionium）的“写入”。此外，可以通过施加具有相同导电压头的电压来“擦除”写入的拓扑。因此，本研究展示了室温极性拓扑结构在铁电薄膜中的写入和擦除过程，这显着推动了它们的潜在应用。