The harvest and sale of wildlife can drive species to extinction when consumers are willing to pay high prices for the last harvested individuals of a very rare species, a phenomenon known as the anthropogenic Allee effect (AAE). Because demand for rarity is an inherent human desire, the AAE has the potential to affect a wide range of exploited species across several geographic regions. Here, we assess the current extent of empirical evidence for the AAE, how such evidence has been measured, and how this evidence interfaces with existing models of the AAE. We find substantial gaps in the empirical evidence base for the AAE and suggest that this deficit prevents assessment of the AAE in species extinctions. We provide a framework for generating empirical evidence that can identify when the AAE is likely occurring or has the potential to occur in the future, and recommend directions for both empirical and theoretical modeling research designed to strengthen our ability to forecast the ecological and market conditions that result in an AAE.

中文翻译：

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我们如何识别野生动物贸易中的人为影响？


当消费者愿意为非常稀有物种的最后收获的个体支付高价时，野生动物的收获和销售可能会使物种灭绝，这种现象被称为人为 Allee 效应 （AAE）。由于对稀有性的需求是人类与生俱来的愿望，因此 AAE 有可能影响多个地理区域的广泛开发物种。在这里，我们评估了 AAE 当前经验证据的范围，如何衡量这些证据，以及这些证据如何与 AAE 的现有模型相联系。我们在 AAE 的经验证据基础中发现了很大的差距，并认为这种缺陷阻碍了对物种灭绝中 AAE 的评估。我们提供了一个生成实证证据的框架，可以确定 AAE 何时可能发生或将来可能发生，并为实证和理论建模研究推荐方向，旨在加强我们预测导致 AAE 的生态和市场条件的能力。