Although research has identified how stressors are related to either physical or cognitive function in later life, we bridge these literatures by examining dual functionality (neither physical nor cognitive impairment) among Black, White, and Hispanic adults. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (2006–2016), we investigated whether stressors and resources during childhood and adulthood are related to functional loss at baseline and longitudinally. Analyses revealed that lifetime trauma was associated with dual functionality impairment at baseline, but childhood stressors and everyday discrimination were prospectively associated with loss of dual functionality. Black and foreign-born Hispanic adults experienced earlier loss of dual functionality than White adults, and the effect of childhood stressors on the transition to impairment occurred earlier for U.S.-born Hispanic adults. Findings reveal the influence of exposures in childhood and adulthood on functional health in later life—and how resources may be a counterbalance to functional loss.

中文翻译：

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双重功能起源的生命历程中的差异


尽管研究已经确定了压力源与晚年生活的身体或认知功能的关系，但我们通过检查黑人、白人和西班牙裔成年人的双重功能（既不是身体上的，也不是认知上的障碍）来弥合这些文献。使用来自健康与退休研究 （2006-2016） 的数据，我们调查了童年和成年期的压力源和资源是否与基线和纵向功能丧失有关。分析显示，终生创伤与基线时的双重功能损害相关，但童年压力源和日常歧视与双重功能丧失前瞻性相关。黑人和外国出生的西班牙裔成年人比白人成年人更早地丧失双重功能，并且在美国出生的西班牙裔成年人中，童年压力源对过渡到障碍的影响发生得更早。研究结果揭示了童年和成年时期暴露对以后生活功能健康的影响，以及资源如何抵消功能丧失。