Multimodal integration can effectively address the challenges of sustainable urban freight, and utilizing a metro-based passenger and freight cotransportation system during off-peak hours represents a viable interim solution before establishing an underground logistics system. Given the constraints related to passenger carriage crowding, this study explores an integrated optimization problem that involves capacity allocation and timetable rescheduling for metro-based passenger and freight cotransportation lines under a train-shared mode. The final decision-making includes determining the size of the train fleet, the train timetable, the arrangement of carriages, and the assignment of freight flow. Since demand arrival rates are considered continuous functions over time, this integrated problem is formulated as a nonlinear mixed-integer model. To address the most complex aspects of the model, a gradient-based heuristic algorithm is proposed. Finally, numerical examples using real metro lines are provided to test the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm, and the impact of metro-based freight on passenger experience is also analyzed.

中文翻译：

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针对地铁客运和货运协同运输的运力分配和时刻表重新调度进行综合优化


多式联运集成可以有效应对可持续城市货运的挑战，在非高峰时段利用基于地铁的客运和货运协同运输系统是建立地下物流系统之前的可行临时解决方案。鉴于与客运拥挤相关的约束，本研究探讨了一个综合优化问题，该问题涉及列车共享模式下基于地铁的客货协同运输线路的容量分配和时刻表重新调度。最终决策包括确定火车车队的规模、火车时刻表、车厢的安排和货物流的分配。由于需求到达率被认为是随时间变化的连续函数，因此将此积分问题表述为非线性混合整数模型。为了解决模型最复杂的方面，提出了一种基于梯度的启发式算法。最后，提供了使用真实地铁线路的数值示例来检验所提出的模型和算法的适用性和有效性，并分析了基于地铁的货运对乘客体验的影响。