The powerful impact generated by a rock burst in a coal mine roadway can easily cause ordinary steel strand anchor cables to break, detach, and deform. To address these issues, an expansion–friction energy-absorbing structure designed for installation on ordinary steel strand anchor cables was developed, establishing a novel type of energy-absorbing anchor cable. To investigate the macroscopic deformation characteristics and mechanical properties of the expansion–friction structure and evaluate its performance, static tests were conducted on a 5000 kN servo press. The research results indicate that this energy-absorbing structure possesses dual energy absorption characteristics, namely, plastic expansion deformation and frictional sliding energy dissipation. The deformation characteristics manifest as symmetrical plastic deformation and stable friction deformation and exhibit strong controllability, repeatability, and energy absorption stability. In general, as the cone angle and expansion increase, the deformation of the energy-absorbing structure becomes more pronounced. From the perspective of constant resistance, as the cone angle and expansion increase, the constant resistance gradually increases. The stability of the constant resistance is best at cone angles of 10° and 15° and expansion amounts of 0.5 and 1.5 mm, respectively. Based on the principle of energy absorption, an evaluation index for the mechanical performance of the energy-absorbing structure is proposed. The analysis revealed that the constant resistance, unit displacement energy absorption, and total energy absorption ranges of the expansion–friction energy-absorbing structure are 139.60 to 652.88 kN, 0.41 to 0.61 kJ/mm, and 34.25 to 149.25 kJ, respectively. Therefore, it exhibits good static load control and dynamic load energy absorption mechanical performance. This structure can reduce the probability of impact failure that arises with ordinary anchor cables, thereby improving the stability control effect of energy-absorbing and anti-impact anchor cables on the rock surrounding the roadway and achieving effective control of roadway rock bursts.

中文翻译：

---

具有膨胀-摩擦结构的新型吸能锚索在支撑易发生岩爆的道路的性能评价


煤矿巷道中岩石爆裂产生的强大冲击力，很容易导致普通钢绞线锚索断裂、脱落和变形。针对这些问题，研制了一种安装在普通钢绞线锚索上的膨胀-摩擦吸能结构，建立了一种新型的吸能锚索。为了研究膨胀-摩擦结构的宏观变形特性和力学性能并评价其性能，在 5000 kN 伺服压力机上进行了静态测试。研究结果表明，这种吸能结构具有塑性膨胀变形和摩擦滑动耗能的双重吸能特性。变形特性表现为对称的塑性变形和稳定的摩擦变形，并表现出较强的可控性、可重复性和吸能稳定性。一般来说，随着锥角和膨胀的增加，吸能结构的变形变得更加明显。从恒定阻力的角度来看，随着锥角和膨胀的增加，恒定阻力逐渐增大。恒定阻力的稳定性在 10° 和 15° 的锥角以及 0.5 和 1.5 mm 的膨胀量时最佳。基于能量吸收原理，提出了吸能结构力学性能评价指标。分析表明，膨胀-摩擦吸能结构的常阻力、单位位移吸能和总吸能范围分别为 139.60 至 652.88 kN、0.41 至 0.61 kJ/mm 和 34.25 至 149.25 kJ。 因此，它表现出良好的静载荷控制和动载荷能量吸收机械性能。这种结构可以降低普通锚索出现冲击破坏的概率，从而提高吸能和抗冲击锚索对巷道周围岩石的稳定性控制效果，实现对巷道岩爆的有效控制。