Clastic rock and breccia are mostly developed in fault fracture zones. Due to their poor stability and easy occurrence of water structures, tunnels are prone to collapse, water inrush and other disasters when encountering clastic rock and breccia, which seriously affects the safety of tunnel construction. In order to reduce the impact of such disasters on construction, the paper takes the No.4 branch tunnel of Xianglu Mountain in Yunnan as an example, and proposes a seismic ahead prospecting method − tunnel resistivity ahead prospecting method − advanced drilling method − cross-hole resistivity tomography method identification system for clastic rock and water-bearing breccia. The identification system integrates drilling methods and geophysical methods to obtain wave velocity information, reflection information, resistivity information and lithology information in the study area. The obtained information is used to jointly interpret the overall lithology fragmentation degree, lithology interface, abnormal water-bearing position, detailed lithology information and water-conducting channel distribution in the study area, so as to complete the identification and evaluation of the lithology characteristics and abnormal structure distribution of the study section. In addition, the study used the joint interpretation results to analyze the mechanism of water and mud inrush in the study section from the aspects of structure and mechanics, and evaluated the possibility of water and mud inrush in the study section. The method proposed in this paper effectively identifies and evaluates the distribution of clastic rock and water-bearing breccia in front of the tunnel face, and effectively avoids the occurrence of tunnel geological disasters.

中文翻译：

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隧道突水、突泥的碎屑岩和含水角砾岩综合识别与评价：以案例研究为例


碎屑岩和角砾岩主要发育在断层断裂带。隧道由于稳定性差，易出现水结构物，在遇到碎屑岩和角砾岩时容易发生坍塌、突水等灾害，严重影响隧道施工安全。为减少此类灾害对施工的影响，本文以云南省香鹿山4号岔路隧道为例，提出了一种碎屑岩和含水角砾岩抗震超前探法—隧道电阻率超前探法—先进钻探法—跨孔电阻率层析成像法识别系统。该识别系统融合了钻井方法和物探方法，获取研究区的波速信息、反射信息、电阻率信息和岩性信息。利用所得信息对研究区整体岩性碎裂程度、岩性界面、异常含水位置、详细岩性信息及导水河道分布进行解读，从而完成对研究段岩性特征和异常构造分布的识别与评价。此外，该研究利用联合解释结果，从结构和力学方面分析了研究部分突水突泥的机理，并评价了研究部分突水突泥的可能性。本文提出的方法有效地识别和评价了隧道掌子面前碎屑岩和含水角砾岩的分布，有效避免了隧道地质灾害的发生。