Fusarium is genetically diverse and widely distributed geographically. It is one of the genera with more endophytes (which cause no damage to the host plants). This review highlights the capability of Fusarium species to degrade environmental pollutants and describes the biodegradation pathways of some of the emerging environmental contaminants. Some Fusarium species use metabolic strategies enabling them to efficiently mineralize high concentrations of toxic environmental pollutants. These fungi can degrade hydrocarbons, pesticides, herbicides, dyes, pharmaceutical compounds, explosives, plastics, and plastic additives, among other pollutants, and possess high metal biosorption capabilities. According to data from consulted reports, Fusarium strains showed a percentage of biodegradation of a variety of contaminants ranging between 30 % and 100 % for different tested concentrations (from 1 mg to 10 g/L) in a time range between 10 h and 90 d. Enzymes such as esterase, cutinase, laccase, lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, dehydrogenase, lipase, dioxygenase, and phosphoesterase were detected during the pollutant biodegradation process. Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, and Fusarium culmorum are the most studied species of this genus. Owing to their metabolic versatility, these fungal species and their enzymes represent promising tools for bioremediation applications to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental pollution.

中文翻译：

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镰刀菌属是一种很有前途的真菌属，在生物修复中具有潜在应用以减轻污染物：综述


镰刀菌具有遗传多样性，地理分布广泛。它是内生菌较多的属之一（不会对寄主植物造成损害）。这篇综述强调了镰刀菌物种降解环境污染物的能力，并描述了一些新出现的环境污染物的生物降解途径。一些镰刀菌物种使用代谢策略，使它们能够有效地矿化高浓度的有毒环境污染物。这些真菌可以降解碳氢化合物、杀虫剂、除草剂、染料、药物化合物、炸药、塑料和塑料添加剂等污染物，并具有高金属生物吸附能力。根据查阅报告的数据，镰刀菌菌株在 10 h 至 90 d 的时间范围内，对于不同的测试浓度（从 1 mg 到 10 g/L），各种污染物的生物降解百分比在 30 % 到 100 % 之间。在污染物生物降解过程中检测到酯酶、角质酶、漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶、脱氢酶、脂肪酶、双加氧酶和磷酸酯酶等酶。尖孢镰刀菌 Fusarium oxysporum、 Fusarium solani 和 Fusarium culmorum 是该属研究中研究最多的物种。由于它们的代谢多功能性，这些真菌物种及其酶代表了生物修复应用的有前途的工具，以减轻环境污染的不利影响。