Given the increasing concerns about energy consumption and rising consumer social responsibility, firms producing brown products should consider transitioning to greener alternatives that are less harmful to the environment. To examine this, we employ a Stackelberg model to analyze the price and quality of brown and green products (e.g., gasoline and electric vehicles) across three product-line strategies: producing only brown products, producing only green products, and producing both. Our study reveals that the quality of brown products in a single product line is the highest among all strategies. In terms of wholesale and retail prices, green products are priced higher than brown products, and prices for both products in a single product line exceed those in a dual product line. Interestingly, manufacturers prefer a dual product line strategy, while retailers favor selling brown products. Additionally, selling only brown products can result in higher consumer surplus, whereas producing only green products may lead to the lowest environmental impact.

中文翻译：

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在具有社会责任感的消费者面前平衡环境供应链的价格和质量决策


鉴于对能源消耗的日益关注和消费者社会责任的增加，生产棕色产品的公司应考虑过渡到对环境危害更小的更环保的替代品。为了检查这一点，我们采用 Stackelberg 模型来分析棕色和绿色产品（例如汽油和电动汽车）的价格和质量，涵盖三种产品线策略：仅生产棕色产品、仅生产绿色产品以及两者兼而有之。我们的研究表明，在所有策略中，单个产品线中棕色产品的质量是最高的。在批发和零售价格方面，绿色产品的价格高于棕色产品，并且单个产品系列中两种产品的价格都超过了双产品系列中的价格。有趣的是，制造商更喜欢双产品线策略，而零售商则喜欢销售棕色产品。此外，仅销售棕色产品会导致更高的消费者剩余，而只生产绿色产品可能会对环境产生最小的影响。