This paper investigates reverse channel selection within a closed-loop supply chain, emphasizing the dynamic characteristics and potential stochastic disturbances inherent in the collection process. We construct three stochastic differential games to model scenarios where the manufacturer, retailer, and third-party each manage the collection of used products, deriving the corresponding equilibrium control strategies. Through comparative analysis, we investigate the impact of different collection channels on price, return rate, demand, and member profits. Our findings reveal that when the conditions across three collection channels are uniform, manufacturer collection emerges as the most effective reverse channel, challenging the conventional wisdom in static settings where retailer collection is typically considered optimal. Moreover, we extend our models to incorporate two critical factors: the collection cost coefficient and the collection logistics cost, which introduce differences across the collection channels. Under these differentiated conditions, our results suggest that third-party and retailer collections can also be optimal reverse channel solutions, particularly when the third-party collector has greater collection capacity, or the retailer benefits from lower reverse logistics costs.

中文翻译：

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动态随机闭环供应链中的反向渠道选择


本文研究了闭环供应链中的反向通道选择，强调了收集过程中固有的动态特性和潜在的随机干扰。我们构建了三个随机差分博弈来模拟制造商、零售商和第三方各自管理二手产品集合的场景，从而得出相应的均衡控制策略。通过对比分析，我们调查了不同收款渠道对价格、退货率、需求和会员利润的影响。我们的研究结果表明，当三个催收渠道的条件一致时，制造商催收成为最有效的反向渠道，挑战了零售商催收通常被认为是最佳静态环境中的传统观点。此外，我们扩展了我们的模型，纳入了两个关键因素：催收成本系数和催收物流成本，这两个因素在催收渠道之间引入了差异。在这些差异化条件下，我们的结果表明，第三方和零售商收款也可以是最佳的逆向渠道解决方案，特别是当第三方收款商具有更大的收款能力，或者零售商受益于较低的逆向物流成本时。