Effective management of near-miss data is essential for proactive safety practices in construction. Traditional reporting and management methods face challenges such as data loss, susceptibility to manipulation, and poor traceability, which undermine their reliability and collaborative efforts. Blockchain technology can enhance data integrity, security, transparency, and reliability in safety data management. However, conventional Layer-1 blockchain systems require third-party verification processes, compromising participant anonymity—crucial for effective near-miss reporting and incur high transaction fees, presenting several practical concerns. To address these issues, this paper developed and tested a zero-knowledge proof and Layer-2 blockchain integrated system for near-miss reporting. This system was validated through a proof-of-concept and hypothetical case study, achieving perfect unlinkability with a degree of anonymity scored at d = 1 and reducing the cost of report submission to USD 0.0011. These advances significantly contribute toward proactive safety management in construction by facilitating safe reporting environments and cost-effective near-miss management.

中文翻译：

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区块链集成的零知识证明系统，用于建筑项目中的隐私保护未遂事故报告


有效管理未遂事故数据对于建筑业的主动安全实践至关重要。传统的报告和管理方法面临数据丢失、易受操纵和可追溯性差等挑战，这些挑战会削弱其可靠性和协作工作。区块链技术可以提高安全数据管理中的数据完整性、安全性、透明度和可靠性。然而，传统的 Layer-1 区块链系统需要第三方验证流程，这损害了参与者的匿名性——这对于有效的未遂事故报告至关重要，并会产生高额交易费用，这带来了一些实际问题。为了解决这些问题，本文开发并测试了一种零知识证明和 Layer-2 区块链集成系统，用于未遂事故报告。该系统通过概念验证和假设案例研究进行了验证，实现了完美的不可链接性，匿名度得分为 d = 1，并将报告提交成本降低到 0.0011 美元。这些进步通过促进安全的报告环境和具有成本效益的未遂事故管理，为建筑中的主动安全管理做出了重大贡献。