A virtual model that mathematically represents operational behaviors is essential for implementing the concepts of digital twins (DTs) and building information modeling (BIM) to achieve intelligent, optimal building operations. However, current research lacks an approach to reliably construct virtual models. This paper introduces a concept named virtual in-situ modeling (VIM), designed to comprehensively represent building behaviors. The VIM framework is based on five key aspects: modeling environments, model types, modeling sources, modeling approaches, and model fusion techniques. VIM bridges BIM and DT, enabling virtual modeling during the operational phase and enhancing both BIM-based DT and DT-enhanced BIM. Case studies conducted using real building operations demonstrate the effectiveness of VIM, achieving a highly accuracy (RMSE of 0.24 °C). Additionally, the VIM-assisted fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) provided early detection and diagnostic estimation, outperforming FDD without the virtual model. This paper highlights the potential of VIM for advanced building operations and maintenance.

中文翻译：

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数字孪生和 BIM 之间的虚拟原位建模，用于高级建筑运营和维护


以数学方式表示运营行为的虚拟模型对于实施数字孪生 （DT） 和建筑信息建模 （BIM） 的概念以实现智能、最佳的建筑运营至关重要。然而，目前的研究缺乏一种可靠地构建虚拟模型的方法。本文介绍了一个名为虚拟原位建模 （VIM） 的概念，旨在全面表示建筑行为。VIM 框架基于五个关键方面：建模环境、模型类型、建模源、建模方法和模型融合技术。VIM 将 BIM 和 DT 连接起来，在运营阶段实现虚拟建模，并增强基于 BIM 的 DT 和 DT 增强的 BIM。使用真实建筑运营进行的案例研究证明了 VIM 的有效性，实现了高精度 （RMSE 为 0.24 °C）。此外，VIM 辅助故障检测和诊断 （FDD） 提供了早期检测和诊断估计，性能优于没有虚拟模型的 FDD。本白皮书重点介绍了 VIM 在高级建筑运营和维护方面的潜力。