Leisure activities are closely associated with individuals’ quality of life. In this paper, we are interested in how many leisure trips the individuals have realized and how many trips they schedule but fail to realize due to the inability to accomplish the activity. The realized and unrealized leisure trips are correlated and together constitute leisure needs. To investigate it, a survey was conducted in seven prefectures in Japan. Then, the copula-based bivariate zero-inflated negative binomial model was adopted to explore the influential factors on realized and unrealized leisure trips as well as their potential correlation. The results indicated that individuals living near bus stations tend to have fewer unrealized leisure trips, and people with driving licenses tend always to satisfy their needs and report no unrealized leisure trips. Further, the result confirmed the potential correlation between realized and unrealized leisure trips, but such correlation decreases for seniors. The population share of individuals whose leisure needs are always completely satisfied or never satisfied was also calculated. The study findings provide the policy implications and are conducive to improving the quality of life.

中文翻译：

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调查日本居民的休闲需求：已实现和未实现的休闲旅行的联合分析


休闲活动与个人的生活质量密切相关。在本文中，我们感兴趣的是个人已经实现了多少次休闲旅行，以及他们安排了多少次旅行但由于无法完成活动而未能实现。已实现和未实现的休闲旅行是相互关联的，共同构成了休闲需求。为了调查它，在日本的 7 个县进行了一项调查。然后，采用基于 copula 的二元零膨胀负二项式模型来探讨对已实现和未实现的休闲旅行的影响因素及其潜在的相关性。结果表明，居住在公交车站附近的人往往较少的未实现的休闲旅行，而拥有驾驶执照的人往往总是满足他们的需求并且没有报告未实现的休闲旅行。此外，结果证实了已实现和未实现的休闲旅行之间的潜在相关性，但这种相关性在老年人中降低。还计算了休闲需求总是完全满足或从未得到满足的个人的人口份额。研究结果提供了政策启示，有利于提高生活质量。