A two-step model framework is proposed and applied to analyze empirically the impact of a travel time reduction on labor supply in two-worker two-gender households, using a nationwide data set for time use collected in 2015 in Chile. First, a system of structural equations (SSE) is estimated to reveal which activities can be considered as committed, and to unveil the hierarchy of activities by gender undertaken by the household workers to help defining the labor supply model. Then a quadratic formulation including committed time for each individual and committed expenses for the family is applied to the time-use data to estimate a labor supply model, considering the findings with the SSE (hierarchy and committed activities). Results were obtained controlling for household size, region, and age, showing systematically that labor supply diminishes with the wage rates of either working member of the household (a forward falling shape), that committed expenses induces more work, and that diminishing mandatory travel time induces an increase in working hours that varies between 27 and 64 percent of the liberated time, in line with 2023 reports on the reallocation of liberated travel time due to remote working and confirming the theoretical findings by Jara-Diaz and Contreras (2024).

中文翻译：

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强制旅行外生减少后的时间重新分配：智利双工双性别家庭的交通、工作和休闲


使用 2015 年在智利收集的全国时间使用数据集，提出并应用了一个两步模型框架，以实证分析旅行时间减少对两个工人、两个性别家庭劳动力供应的影响。首先，估计结构方程系统 （SSE） 以揭示哪些活动可以被视为承诺，并揭示家政工人按性别划分的活动层次结构，以帮助定义劳动力供给模型。然后，考虑到 SSE（层次结构和承诺活动）的发现，将包括每个人的承诺时间和家庭的承诺费用在内的二次公式应用于时间使用数据，以估计劳动力供应模型。控制家庭规模、地区和年龄的结果，系统地表明劳动力供应随着家庭任一工作成员的工资率而减少（向前下降），承诺的费用会带来更多的工作，而强制性旅行时间的减少会导致工作时间增加，变化为解放时间的 27% 到 64%。 与 2023 年关于远程工作所解放的旅行时间重新分配的报告一致，并证实了 Jara-Diaz 和 Contreras （2024） 的理论发现。