Though the existence of socioeconomic segregation in social interactions has been consistently documented and compared across cities in a growing body of literature, less attention has been paid to within-city analysis of the types of places at which particularly integrated or segregated interactions occur. Dependencies between socioeconomic profile, residential location, preferences and behavior make this kind of analysis difficult. Further, beyond understanding where diverse social interactions take place, it is important to know whether increasing access to those types of spaces via changes to the transportation network can actually increase the level of diversity in social interactions—a more causal question that remains relatively unexplored in the literature. This study presents new perspectives on analyzing social mixing and socioeconomic integration in cities using geolocated cellphone data. Using a call detail record dataset which describes the movements of over one million cell phone users in Stockholm, Sweden, this study quantifies the contribution of access to various types of urban amenities to one’s exposure to people with diverse income levels. Our results provide evidence that areas of the city with more libraries, educational institutions, healthcare establishments, parks and restaurants host more exposures between people who are different from one another in terms of income. Further, we leverage random shocks to the transportation network that come from maintenance-based road closures to identify a causal relationship between access to parks, services and healthcare establishments and experienced income diversity. Temporary, random increases in travel times to these spaces due to road closures result in less diverse day-to-day encounters for urban residents.

中文翻译：

---

城市设施在促进社会交融中的作用：来自斯德哥尔摩的证据


尽管在越来越多的文献中，社会经济隔离的存在一直被记录下来，并在城市之间进行了比较，但对城市内部分析发生特别整合或隔离互动的地方类型的关注较少。社会经济概况、居住位置、偏好和行为之间的依赖关系使这种分析变得困难。此外，除了了解各种社交互动发生的地方之外，重要的是要知道通过改变交通网络来增加对这些类型空间的访问是否真的可以提高社交互动的多样性水平——这是一个在文献中相对未探讨的更因果问题。本研究为使用地理定位手机数据分析城市中的社会混合和社会经济融合提供了新的视角。本研究使用描述瑞典斯德哥尔摩超过 100 万手机用户移动的通话详细记录数据集，量化了使用各种类型城市设施对不同收入水平人群敞口的贡献。我们的结果提供了证据，在城市中拥有更多图书馆、教育机构、医疗机构、公园和餐馆的地区，收入不同的人群之间的风险敞口更多。此外，我们利用基于维护的道路封闭对交通网络的随机冲击来确定公园、服务和医疗保健机构的可及性与收入多样性之间的因果关系。 由于道路封闭，前往这些空间的旅行时间会暂时随机增加，导致城市居民的日常出行方式减少。