Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) and related flows of benefits – heavily influencing societal and individual health and wellbeing - are usually ascribed non-consumptive values. However, despite the increasing recognition of their contribution to citizens’ quality of life, the intangible nature of CES makes it difficult to quantify them and hard to be integrated in decision making and planning processes. Nevertheless, the assessment of the societal relevance of CES would largely help to improve people wellbeing and quality of life. CES depend not only on the characteristics and features of urban green areas, but also on preferences and needs of the users that interact with them and that contribute to co-produce ES related benefits and values. These diverse needs, coupled with the uneven distribution of urban green area and diverse ways of managing them in the city, could affect the way ES are produced and further exacerbate existing inequalities and disparities. This contribution investigates the case study of the city of Bologna, introducing a spatial approach based on a new and pluralistic notion of urban green area that consider sport facilities and Green Stewards activities, to assess the related CES co-production paths and distributional dimension of justice in the city. Results show a good accessibility to urban green area throughout the city of Bologna (around .70 %). Nevertheless, CES co-production paths are limited in those areas of the city with higher population vulnerability index, due to lower urban green area facilities and green stewards activities, thus highlighting areas with higher distributional and procedural injustice path.

中文翻译：

---

评估城市绿地提供的文化生态系统服务 （CES） 的分配公正性：博洛尼亚案例


文化生态系统服务 （CES） 和相关的利益流——严重影响社会和个人的健康和福祉——通常被归类为非消费价值。然而，尽管 CES 对公民生活质量的贡献越来越得到认可，但 CES 的无形性质使其难以量化，也难以纳入决策和规划过程。尽管如此，对 CES 的社会相关性的评估将在很大程度上有助于改善人们的福祉和生活质量。CES 不仅取决于城市绿地的特点和特征，还取决于与之互动的用户的偏好和需求，这些用户有助于共同产生 ES 相关的好处和价值。这些多样化的需求，加上城市绿地分布不均以及城市中管理绿地的方式不同，可能会影响 ES 的生产方式，并进一步加剧现有的不平等和差异。本文调查了博洛尼亚市的案例研究，引入了一种基于新的多元化城市绿地概念的空间方法，该方法考虑了体育设施和绿色管理者活动，以评估相关的 CES 联合生产路径和城市正义的分配维度。结果表明，整个博洛尼亚市的城市绿地交通便利（约 70%）。然而，由于城市绿地设施和绿色管理者活动较少，CES 联合生产路径在城市人口脆弱性指数较高的地区受到限制，从而突出了具有较高分配和程序不公正路径的区域。