Public urban parks contribute fundamentally to social and ecological functioning of modern cities, and enhance human wellbeing through associated ecosystem services, including cultural ecosystem services (CES). This study was conducted to understand how components of interactional justice contribute to users’ perceptions of how well CES are provided in public parks. This paper therefore explores the possibility of parks’ contribution to sense of ownership and belonging, and their place as community assets, as potential catalysts for CES. Data came from an online survey distributed to adult residents of St. Louis, Missouri, USA in spring-summer of 2019. Black respondents reported more positive park interactions than white respondents. Positive interactions in parks were positively related to all dependent variables, while negative interactions were negatively related to belonging and community asset, but positively related to perceived provision of CES. Only community asset was positively related to perceived provision of CES. Results suggest that residents perceive the provision of CES differently based on the quality of interactions with others in their community parks. Additionally, feeling that the park is a community asset contributed positively to users’ perceptions of CES associated with it. This finding indicates that the social and cultural components of a community park relate to how well that space is perceived to deliver cultural environmental benefits. As these interactions influence relationships to and use of the park itself, it is implied that interactional justice plays an important role in determining how effective urban parks are in delivering CES.

中文翻译：

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跨种族互动、公园所有权、归属感、社区资产和感知的文化生态系统服务的提供


公共城市公园从根本上为现代城市的社会和生态功能做出贡献，并通过相关的生态系统服务（包括文化生态系统服务 （CES））增强人类福祉。进行这项研究是为了了解交互正义的组成部分如何影响用户对公园提供 CES 的看法。因此，本文探讨了公园对主人翁意识和归属感的贡献的可能性，以及它们作为社区资产的地位，作为 CES 的潜在催化剂。数据来自 2019 年春夏向美国密苏里州圣路易斯市成年居民分发的在线调查。黑人受访者报告说，与白人受访者相比，他们在公园的互动更积极。公园中的积极互动与所有因变量呈正相关，而消极互动与归属感和社区资产呈负相关，但与感知的 CES 提供呈正相关。只有社区资产与感知到 CES 的提供呈正相关。结果表明，居民对 CES 的提供的看法不同，具体取决于其社区公园中与他人互动的质量。此外，感觉公园是一项社区资产，这对用户对与之相关的 CES 的看法做出了积极贡献。这一发现表明，社区公园的社会和文化组成部分与该空间在多大程度上被认为能带来文化环境效益有关。由于这些互动会影响与公园本身的关系和使用，因此暗示互动正义在决定城市公园在提供 CES 方面的有效性方面发挥着重要作用。