Furfural and acetone are two of the most promising chemicals derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Coupling these two compounds expands the broad range of value-added chemicals that can be derived from biomass. In this study, 1-octanol, a promising medium chain-length alcohol, was produced from furfural and acetone through a series of reactions: aldol condensation (R1), hydrogenation (R2), and hydrogenolysis (R3). Each step was individually investigated to understand its mechanism and requirements, enabling seamless integration into one-pot, two-step (R1, R2 + R3) and one-pot, three-step (R1 + R2 + R3) processes. To facilitate these reactions, bifunctional alumina–zirconia-based catalysts were synthesized. Additionally, to enhance the yield of 1-octanol, solid acidic additives, particularly sulfonic acid-functionalized silica (KCC-1-APSO3H), were incorporated into the reaction. The highest yield of 1-octanol (69.1 %) was achieved with the three-step process (R1, R2, R3), followed by the one-pot, two-step process (R1, R2 + R3, 64.8 %), and the one-pot, three-step process (R1 + R2 + R3, 48.7 %) using the combined Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 and KCC-1-APSO3H catalyst. Among all the processes investigated, the one-pot, two-step process emerged as the best approach balancing the efficiency of the process integration and 1-octanol yield. The present study offers valuable insights into the development of catalytic methods for producing linear alcohols from biomass.

中文翻译：

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在多功能酸基催化系统上，糠醛和丙酮的一锅法顺序羟醛缩合和加氢脱氧制得 1-辛醇


糠醛和丙酮是两种最有前途的化学物质，来源于木质纤维素生物质。将这两种化合物偶联扩大了可从生物质中提取的增值化学品的广泛范围。在这项研究中，以糠醛和丙酮为原料，通过羟醛缩合反应 （R1）、氢化反应 （R2） 和氢解反应 （R3） 制得了一种很有前途的中等链长醇。每个步骤都经过单独研究，以了解其机制和要求，从而能够无缝集成到一罐、两步（R1、R2 + R3）和一罐、三步（R1 + R2 + R3）工艺中。为了促进这些反应，合成了基于双功能氧化铝-氧化锆的催化剂。此外，为了提高 1-辛醇的产率，在反应中加入了固体酸性添加剂，特别是磺酸官能化二氧化硅 （KCC-1-APSO3H）。使用三步法（R1、R2、R3）实现了 1-辛醇的最高产率 （69.1 %），其次是一锅法、两步法（R1、R2 + R3,64.8 %）和一锅法、三步法（R1 + R2 + R3,48.7 %），使用 Ni/Al2O3-ZrO2 和 KCC-1-APSO3H 催化剂的组合。在研究的所有工艺中，一锅法、两步法工艺成为平衡工艺集成效率和 1-辛醇产率的最佳方法。本研究为开发从生物质生产线性醇的催化方法提供了有价值的见解。