A rapidly rotating magnetar has long been assumed to inject energy into the ejecta through isotropic output energy in previous works. However, the output energy of a magnetar is anisotropic and a jet is generally presented in the rotational direction of a magnetar. In this paper, we present a consistent model of the energy injection from a magnetar, considering both the anisotropic magnetic dipole radiation and the jet’s ingredient (i.e., the late jet mentioned refers to the beamed magnetars wind). In the situation that the energy injection into the ejecta presents a significant effect on the ejecta’s emission, two facts are obtained. (1) For an observer in the equatorial direction, there is no significant difference between the light curves of the ejecta’s emission based on the consistent model and those obtained in previous works (i.e., based on the isotropic energy injection). (2) For an on jet-axis observer, however, the difference is significant, especially in the optical/U-band. If the jet is not present in the system, the rise of the optical/U-band light-curve is actually steeper than that in previous works because the output energy of the anisotropic magnetic dipole radiation is mainly in the equatorial direction. If the jet is present in the system, a bump from the cocoon (i.e., the late jet launch is expected to shock and heat-up the ejecta) may only appear in the optical/U-band light curve for a quasi-isotropic ejecta. Our results reveal that the anisotropic energy output of the magnetic dipole radiation and the jet’s ingredient should be well considered in modeling the ejecta emission by considering the energy injection from a magnetar. In addition, the optical/U-band light-curve may disclose the central engine of the burst.

中文翻译：

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各向异性能量注入对喷射物发射的影响


在以前的工作中，长期以来一直假设快速旋转的磁星通过各向同性输出能量向喷射物注入能量。然而，磁星的输出能量是各向异性的，射流通常出现在磁星的旋转方向上。在本文中，我们提出了一个一致的磁星能量注入模型，同时考虑了各向异性磁偶极子辐射和射流的成分（即，提到的晚期射流是指束流磁星风）。在注入喷射物的能量对喷射物的发射产生显着影响的情况下，可以得到两个事实。（1） 对于赤道方向的观察者，基于一致模型的喷射物发射光曲线与以前工作中获得的光曲线（即基于各向同性能量注入）没有显着差异。（2） 然而，对于喷气轴上的观察者来说，差异是显着的，尤其是在光学/U 波段。如果系统中不存在射流，则光学/U 波段光曲线的上升实际上比以前的工作更陡峭，因为各向异性磁偶极子辐射的输出能量主要在赤道方向。如果系统中存在射流，则来自茧的凸起（即，预计较晚的射流发射会冲击和加热喷射物）可能只出现在准各向同性喷射物的光学/U 波段光曲线中。我们的结果表明，在考虑磁星的能量注入时，在模拟喷射物发射时，应该很好地考虑磁偶极子辐射的各向异性能量输出和射流的成分。此外，光学/U 波段光曲线可以揭示突发的中心引擎。