Artisanal and Small‐Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) carried out by individual miners or small enterprises with limited capital, significantly contribute to land degradation and loss of biodiversity‐rich forests in the Amazon. Due to limited information on the edaphic conditions crucial for restoring these degraded areas, a soil evaluation method was employed in representative locations of the Peruvian Amazon, including two native communities and one protected natural area. The categorization of ASGM‐degraded areas into cultural landscape units was confirmed and validated. Sentinel‐2 and UAV remote sensing revealed over 122,000 ha of deforestation since the 1980s. Surface and soil profile assessments identified extreme new soil conditions with low chemical and physical fertility, characterized by coarse texture and rock fragments, which hinder revegetation, especially during prolonged dry seasons. These degraded soils were classified as Entisols and Technosols according to Soil Taxonomy and the World Reference Base. Over time, natural regeneration and plantations improved soil formation, aligning with recognized soil classification systems. Under current management practices, restoration planning should prioritize selected shrub and tree species, and consider soil amendments to initiate soil recovery. This approach aligns with self‐sustaining successional stages and contributes to the objectives of Land Degradation Neutrality, Appropriate Mitigation and Adaptation Actions, and Sustainable Development Goals.

中文翻译：

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秘鲁亚马逊东南部冲积金矿弃土土壤的退化、分类和管理


个体采矿者或资本有限的小企业进行的手工和小规模采金 （ASGM） 严重加剧了亚马逊地区土地退化和生物多样性丰富的森林的丧失。由于关于恢复这些退化地区至关重要的 edaphic 条件的信息有限，因此在秘鲁亚马逊的代表性地点采用了土壤评估方法，包括两个原生社区和一个自然保护区。将手工和小规模采金退化地区分类为文化景观单位得到了确认和验证。Sentinel-2 和无人机遥感显示，自 1980 年代以来，超过 122,000 公顷的森林砍伐。地表和土壤剖面评估确定了化学和物理肥力低的极端新土壤条件，其特征是粗糙的质地和岩石碎片，这阻碍了植被的恢复，尤其是在长时间的旱季。这些退化的土壤根据土壤分类学和世界参考基础被归类为 Entisols 和 Technosols。随着时间的推移，自然再生和人工林改善了土壤形成，与公认的土壤分类系统保持一致。根据当前的管理实践，恢复规划应优先考虑选定的灌木和树种，并考虑土壤改良剂以启动土壤恢复。这种方法与自我维持的演替阶段相一致，并有助于实现土地退化零增长、适当的缓解和适应行动以及可持续发展目标的目标。