Ocean acidification (OA) and other environmental factors can collectively affect marine organisms. Deltamethrin (DM), a type II pyrethroid insecticide, has been widely detected in coastal and estuarine areas, while little attention has been given to the combined effects of DM and OA. In this study, Haliotis discus hannai was exposed to three pH levels (8.1, 7.7 and 7.4) and three DM nominal concentrations (0 μg/L, 0.6 μg/L and 6 μg/L) for 14 and 28 days. The results indicated that experimental acidification and/or DM exposure led to impaired immune function and pathological damage. Additionally, acidified conditions and DM exposure induced oxidative stress, and gills are more sensitive than digestive glands. With increasing pCO2 and DM nominal concentrations, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased, whereas catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities increased in the gills. Moreover, the expression levels of Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway-related genes were upregulated after exposure. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) analysis proved that acidified conditions and/or DM detrimentally affected the overall fitness of H. discus hannai, and co-exposure to experimental acidification and DM was the most stressful condition. This study emphasizes the necessity of incorporating OA in future pollutant environmental assessments to better elucidate the risks of environmental disturbance.

中文翻译：

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海洋酸化加剧了 Haliotis discus hannai 中溴氰菊酯的毒性：来自免疫反应、组织病理学和生理反应的见解


海洋酸化 （OA） 和其他环境因素会共同影响海洋生物。溴氰菊酯 （DM） 是一种 II 型拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂，已在沿海和河口地区广泛检测到，而 DM 和 OA 的综合作用却很少受到关注。在本研究中，Haliotis discus hannai 暴露于三个 pH 水平 （8.1、7.7 和 7.4） 和三个 DM 标称浓度 （0 μg/L、0.6 μg/L 和 6 μg/L） 14 和 28 d。结果表明，实验性酸化和/或 DM 暴露导致免疫功能受损和病理损伤。此外，酸化条件和 DM 暴露会诱导氧化应激，鳃比消化腺更敏感。随着 pCO2 和 DM 标称浓度的增加，超氧化物歧化酶 （SOD） 活性降低，而鳃中过氧化氢酶 （CAT） 和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶 （GST） 活性增加。此外，暴露后 Toll 样受体 （TLR） 通路相关基因的表达水平上调。综合生物标志物反应 （IBR） 分析证明，酸化条件和/或 DM 对 H. discus hannai 的整体适应性产生不利影响，同时暴露于实验酸化和 DM 是压力最大的条件。本研究强调了将 OA 纳入未来污染环境评估的必要性，以更好地阐明环境干扰的风险。