The motor system is critical for understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of mental illness. Abnormalities in the processes that allow us to plan and execute movement in a goal-directed, context-appropriate manner (i.e., motor actions) are especially central to clinical motor research. Within this context, the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework now includes a Motor Actions construct within the recently incorporated Sensorimotor Systems Domain, providing a useful framework for conducting research on motor action processes. However, there is limited available resources for understanding or implementing this framework. We address this gap by providing a comprehensive critical review and conceptual integration of the current clinical literature on the subconstructs comprising the Motor Actions construct. This includes a detailed discussion of each Motor Action subconstruct (e.g., action planning/execution) and its measurement across different units of analysis (e.g., molecules to behavior), the temporal and conceptual relationships among the Motor Action subconstructs (and other relevant RDoC domain constructs), and how abnormalities in these Motor Action subconstructs manifest in mental illness. Together, the review illustrates how motor system dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric conditions and demonstrates shared and distinct mechanisms that may account for similar manifestations of motor abnormalities across disorders.

中文翻译：

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精神疾病中的运动动作：研究领域标准 （RDoC） 视角


运动系统对于理解精神疾病的病理生理学和治疗至关重要。使我们能够以目标导向、适合环境的方式（即运动动作）计划和执行运动的过程异常对于临床运动研究尤其重要。在此背景下，NIMH 研究领域标准 （RDoC） 框架现在在最近纳入的感觉运动系统领域中包括一个运动动作结构，为进行运动动作过程的研究提供了一个有用的框架。但是，用于理解或实施此框架的可用资源有限。我们通过对构成运动动作结构的子结构的当前临床文献进行全面的批判性审查和概念整合来解决这一差距。这包括对每个运动动作子结构（例如，行动计划/执行）及其在不同分析单位（例如，分子到行为）的测量、运动动作子结构（和其他相关的 RDoC 域结构）之间的时间和概念关系，以及这些运动动作子结构中的异常如何在精神疾病中表现出来。总之，该综述说明了运动系统功能障碍如何与许多精神疾病的病理生理学有关，并展示了共同和不同的机制，这些机制可能解释了不同疾病运动异常的相似表现。