Objectives. To examine whether, through interactions with preexisting socioeconomic status vulnerabilities, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated exposure to firearm violence among communities with a legacy of redlining (i.e., grading the creditworthiness of neighborhoods based on their sociodemographic composition). Methods. We used an exogenous population threshold whereby the Home Owners Loan Corporation graded neighborhoods only in US cities with populations of more than 40 000 and used a difference-in-difference strategy to examine the evolution of fatal firearm incidents between 2017 and October 2022. Results. After the COVID-19 pandemic began, fatal firearm violence increased significantly in low-graded neighborhoods that the Home Owners Loan Corporation had deemed risky for mortgage lending. The effect held consistently across various model specifications. Conclusions. Social and environmental constructs can interact in a complex manner to compound disadvantage and exacerbate the consequences of negative shocks for marginalized communities. Public Health Implications. Home Owners Loan Corporation policies contributed to widening racial disparities in firearm violence, highlighting the need for reinvestment in marginalized communities to keep future shocks from exacerbating vulnerability to adverse outcomes. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print November 7, 2024:e1-e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307891).

中文翻译：

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美国 COVID-19 大流行期间种族主义和枪支暴力的遗留问题。


目标。研究 COVID-19 大流行是否通过与先前存在的社会经济地位脆弱性的互动加剧了具有红线遗留问题（即根据社区的社会人口构成对社区的信用度进行评级）的社区遭受枪支暴力的风险。方法。我们使用了外生人口阈值，即 Home Owners Loan Corporation 仅对人口超过 40 000 的美国城市的社区进行评级，并使用双重差分策略来研究 2017 年至 2022 年 10 月期间致命枪支事件的演变。结果。COVID-19 大流行开始后，Home Owners Loan Corporation 认为抵押贷款有风险的低等级社区的致命枪支暴力显着增加。这种效果在各种模型规格中保持一致。结论。社会和环境结构可以以复杂的方式相互作用，加剧不利因素并加剧负面冲击对边缘化社区的后果。公共卫生影响。房主贷款公司 （Home Owners Loan Corporation） 的政策导致枪支暴力的种族差异扩大，凸显了对边缘化社区进行再投资的必要性，以防止未来的冲击加剧对不良结果的脆弱性。（美国公共卫生杂志。2024 年 11 月 7 日提前在线发布：e1-e9。https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307891）。