Attention must coordinate with memory to actively anticipate sensory input and guide action. Memory content may be biased away from veridical when it is functionally adaptive. So far, research has considered the biasing of still features in static displays. It is unknown whether the biasing of attentional templates can functionally adapt dynamic stimuli to facilitate search when targets and distractors compete within temporally extended contexts. Biasing of dynamic templates would require learning and modulatory mechanisms capable of abstracting over space and time to guide perception. Four experiments used a novel dynamic visual search task combined with a memory probe to test whether dynamic attentional templates can be biased. In Experiments 1-3, participants searched for a moving target among distractors that systematically moved either clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the target. On memory probe trials, participants recalled the target direction as biased away from the distractors. The distortion bias was adaptively changed (Experiment 2), grew over time (Experiment 2), and occurred even when motion direction was not the target-defining feature (Experiment 3). Experiment 4 manipulated the speed of targets and distractors to test the generalizability of the findings. Participants searched for a target of a given speed among faster or slower distractors. Memory probing revealed that participants remembered the target speed as biased away from that of distractors. Across different tasks, the magnitude of the biasing correlated positively with search performance. Our findings provide compelling evidence that dynamic stimulus attributes in attentional templates can become functionally biased when adaptive. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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走过场：动态注意力模板的偏差。


注意力必须与记忆协调，以积极预测感官输入并指导行动。当 memory content 在功能上自适应时，它可能会偏离 veridical。到目前为止，研究已经考虑了静态显示器中静止特征的偏差。目前尚不清楚当目标和干扰物在时间扩展的上下文中竞争时，注意力模板的偏差是否可以在功能上适应动态刺激以促进搜索。动态模板的偏置需要学习和调制机制，能够在空间和时间上抽象以指导感知。四个实验使用新颖的动态视觉搜索任务结合记忆探针来测试动态注意力模板是否可以产生偏差。在实验 1-3 中，参与者在相对于目标系统地顺时针或逆时针移动的干扰物中寻找移动目标。在记忆探针试验中，参与者回忆说目标方向偏离了干扰物。失真偏差是自适应变化的（实验 2），随着时间的推移而增长（实验 2），即使运动方向不是目标定义特征（实验 3）也会发生。实验 4 操纵目标和干扰物的速度以测试结果的泛化性。参与者在更快或更慢的干扰物中搜索给定速度的目标。记忆探测显示，参与者记得目标速度与干扰物的速度相距甚远。在不同的任务中，偏差的大小与搜索性能呈正相关。我们的研究结果提供了令人信服的证据，表明注意力模板中的动态刺激属性在适应性时会变得功能偏差。 （PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。