To explore hantavirus infection patterns in Latin America, we conducted molecular and serologic hantavirus investigations among 3,400 febrile patients from Peru during 2020–2021. Reverse transcription PCR indicated that a patient from Loreto, in the Peruvian Amazon, was positive for Rio Mamore hantavirus (3.8 × 10³ copies/mL). High genomic sequence identity of 87.0%–94.8% and phylogenetic common ancestry with a rodent-associated Rio Mamore hantavirus from Loreto in 1996 indicated endemicity. In 832 samples from Loreto, hantavirus incidence based on IgM ELISA of pooled Sin Nombre (SNV) and Andes virus (ANDV) nucleoproteins and immunofluorescence assay–based end-point titration using SNV/ANDV/Hantaan/Puumala/Saarema/Dobrava/Seoul hantaviruses was 0.5%. Across 3 ecologically distinct departments in Peru, SNV/ANDV IgG ELISA/IFA–based reactivity was 1.7%, suggesting circulation of antigenically distinct New World hantaviruses. Testing for arboviruses, nonendemic pathogens, and antigen-free ELISA corroborated nonspecific reactivity in 2 IgG and several IgM ELISA–positive serum samples. Hantavirus diagnostics and surveillance should be strengthened in Peru.

为了探索拉丁美洲的汉坦病毒感染模式，我们在 2020-2021 年期间对来自秘鲁的 3,400 名发热患者进行了分子和血清学汉坦病毒调查。逆转录 PCR 显示，来自秘鲁亚马逊地区洛雷托的一名患者对 Rio Mamore 汉坦病毒呈阳性（3.8 × 10³ 拷贝/mL）。87.0%-94.8% 的高基因组序列同一性和 1996 年来自洛雷托的啮齿动物相关 Rio Mamore 汉坦病毒的系统发育共同祖先表明该病毒具有地方性。在来自 Loreto 的 832 份样品中，基于混合 Sin Nombre （SNV） 和安第斯病毒 （ANDV） 核蛋白的 IgM ELISA 和使用 SNV/ANDV/Hantaan/Puumala/Saarema/Dobrava/Seoul 汉坦病毒的基于免疫荧光测定终点滴定的汉坦病毒发病率为 0.5%。在秘鲁的 3 个生态不同部门中，基于 SNV/ANDV IgG ELISA/IFA 的反应性为 1.7%，表明抗原不同的新世界汉坦病毒的传播。虫媒病毒、非地方性病原体和无抗原 ELISA 检测证实了 2 IgG 和一些 IgM ELISA 阳性血清样本中的非特异性反应性。秘鲁应加强汉坦病毒诊断和监测。