Paleoclimate data provide important information about the character of natural climate variability. However, records with sufficient length and resolution to resolve high-frequency (decadal-scale) variability across the Holocene are scarce. We present a 10,800-year reconstruction of spring and summer temperature at three-year resolution based on biochemical varves from Lake Żabińskie, Poland. The reconstruction is based on Ca/Ti ratio, which are significantly correlated with instrumental spring and summer temperature spanning 240 years. Major climate events of the Holocene period are represented in the reconstruction, including the Holocene Thermal Maximum, 8.2 ka Event, Medieval Climate Anomaly, and Little Ice Age. A low-frequency 8,000-year decreasing trend in warm-season temperatures is driven by declining summer insolation. Temperature variability is highest during the early Holocene, likely related to warmer and drier conditions. The rate of warming during the past 90 years is extremely unusual, if not unprecedented for the Holocene, based on our reconstruction.

中文翻译：

---

生化变量记录的中欧十年下全新世暖季温度变化


古气候数据提供了有关自然气候变率特征的重要信息。然而，具有足够长度和分辨率来解决全新世高频（年代际尺度）变化的记录很少。我们根据波兰 Żabiński 湖的生化模型，以三年分辨率对春季和夏季温度进行了 10,800 年的重建。重建基于 Ca/Ti 比率，该比率与跨越 240 年的仪器春季和夏季温度显着相关。全新世时期的主要气候事件在重建中有所体现，包括全新世热盛期、8.2 ka 事件、中世纪气候异常和小冰河时代。暖季温度的 8,000 年低频下降趋势是由夏季日照的减少驱动的。全新世早期的温度变化最大，可能与更温暖和更干燥的条件有关。根据我们的重建，过去 90 年的变暖速度是极其不寻常的，如果不是全新世史前所未有的话。