Aerosol from the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai (HT-HH) volcanic eruption (20.6°S) in January 2022 were not incorporated into the austral polar vortex until the following year, March 2023. Within the polar vortex in situ profiles of aerosol size spectra were completed in the austral autumns of 2019 and 2023, from McMurdo Station, Antarctica (78˚S), 30 months prior to and 15 months after the HT-HH eruption. The measurements indicate that the HT-HH impact on aerosol size was primarily confined to particles with diameters >0.5 μm leading to differences in aerosol mass, surface area, and extinction from factors of 2–4 at the volcanic layer's peak below 20 km, increasing to ratios of 5–10 above 20 km. Effective radius, with radiative and microphysical implications, increased from ∼0.2 to ∼0.3 μm. An Earth system model with a modal aerosol package compares favorably with the in situ measurements of the HT-HH aerosol impact.

中文翻译：

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Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai 火山喷发前后南方极地涡旋中的原位气溶胶尺寸光谱测量


2022 年 1 月洪加汤加-洪加哈阿帕伊 （HT-HH） 火山喷发 （20.6°S） 产生的气溶胶直到次年，即 2023 年 3 月才被纳入南方极地涡旋。在 2019 年和 2023 年南极洲 （78°S） 的南极洲麦克默多站，HT-HH 喷发前 30 个月和之后 15 个月，在极地涡旋中完成了气溶胶尺寸光谱的原位剖面。测量表明，HT-HH 对气溶胶尺寸的影响主要局限于直径为 >0.5 μm 的颗粒，导致气溶胶质量、表面积和灭绝的差异，在 20 公里以下的火山层峰值处从 2-4 倍的因子开始，在 20 公里以上增加到 5-10 的比率。具有辐射和微物理影响的有效半径从 ∼0.2 增加到 ∼0.3 μm。具有模态气溶胶包的地球系统模型与 HT-HH 气溶胶影响的原位测量相比具有优势。