This paper presents a novel multimodal remote sensing setup to analyze the complex stratigraphy of historical wall paintings at distances of order 10 m. The proposed method enables comprehensive investigation of the chemical composition of multilayer paint stratigraphy by combining standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for elemental profiling with noninvasive standoff Raman spectroscopy and visible and near-infrared (400–900 nm) reflectance spectral imaging for depth-resolved complementary material characterization from a range of distances with instruments and operators located on stable ground. Following proof-of-concept laboratory tests, the feasibility and effectiveness of this standoff analytical approach is demonstrated through field analysis of a whitewashed historical wall painting, successfully identifying at least seven distinct layers from a distance of 7 m. The remote sensing method presented here can also be applied to other scientific and industrial domains to characterize the chemical composition of layered materials at a distance.

中文翻译：

---

地基远程对峙激光光谱和反射光谱成像用于壁画地层多模态分析


本文提出了一种新颖的多模态遥感装置，用于分析 10 m 级距离的历史壁画的复杂地层。所提出的方法通过将用于元素分析的远距离激光诱导击穿光谱与无创远距离拉曼光谱以及可见光和近红外 （400-900 nm） 反射光谱成像相结合，可以全面研究多层涂料地层学的化学成分，以便使用位于稳定地面上的仪器和操作员从一定距离进行深度分辨互补材料表征。在概念验证实验室测试之后，通过对一幅粉刷过的历史壁画进行现场分析，成功识别了 7 m 的距离内至少七个不同的层，证明了这种对峙分析方法的可行性和有效性。这里介绍的遥感方法也可以应用于其他科学和工业领域，以表征远距离层状材料的化学成分。